Psidium guajava Linn. Leaf Extract Affects Hepatic Glucose Transporter‑2 to Attenuate Early Onset of Insulin Resistance Consequent to High Fructose intake: An Experimental Study

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Abstract
Pharmacognosy Research,2015,7,2,166-175.
Published:June 2015
Type:Original Article
Authors:
Author(s) affiliations:

R. Mathur, Shagun Dutta, T. Velpandian1 , S.R. Mathur2 Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar,

1Department of Ocular Pharmacology, RP Centre, 2 Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, INDIA.

Abstract:

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is amalgam of pathologies like altered glucos metabolism, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and associated with type-II diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. One of the reasons leading to its increased and early incidence is understood to be a high intake of processed fructose containing foods and beverages by individuals, especially, during critical developmental years. Objective: To investigate the preventive potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves (PG) against metabolic pathologies, vis-à-vis, IR, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia and hypertension, due to excess fructose intake initiated during developmental years. Materials and Methods: Post-weaning (4 weeks old) male rats were provided fructose (15%) as drinking solution, ad libitum, for 8 weeks and assessed for food and water/fructose intake, body weight, fasting blood sugar, mean arterial pressure, lipid biochemistry, endocrinal (insulin, leptin), histopathological (fatty liver) and immunohistochemical (hepatic glucose transporter [GLUT2]) parameters. Parallel treatment groups were administered PG in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d, po × 8 weeks and assessed for same parameters. Using extensive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protocols, PG was analyzed for the presence of phytoconstituents like Myrecetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol and Guavanoic acid and validated to contain Quercetin up to 9.9%w/w. Results: High fructose intake raised circulating levels of insulin and leptin and hepatic GLUT2 expression to promote IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that were favorably re-set with PG. Although PG is known for its beneficial role in diabetes mellitus, for the first time we report its potential in the management of lifelong pathologies arising from high fructose intake initiated during developmental years.

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Psidium guajava (PG) ameliorates preferential intake of fructose over pellet food in rodents. Over 8 week study period, (a) average weekly food intake was significantly reduced in fructose drinking rats (FDR) group as compared to control, (b) average weekly fructose intake was significantly reduced in PG2 group as compared to FDR, (c) total calorie consumption in the various groups was not significantly different, but the fraction of calories preferentially derived from fructose was highest in FDR and lowest in PG2 and (d) average body weight in the various groups was not significantly different at the start of the study but at the end of the study, but was significantly lower in FDR as compared to control which was reverted in PG2. Each value represents mean ± standard deviation for 6 rats in each group. *P < 0.05 versus FDR, ##P < 0.001 versus control

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