Safawi Date Extract Ameliorated Diabetogensis and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Propyl Paraben in Rats

Objectives: The Parabens are synthetic compounds used as antibacterial and antifungal preservatives in many products. The nephrotoxicity and diabetogenic development during exposure of rats to propyl paraben and role of of Safawi Date Extract (SDE) supplementation were investigated. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were assigned into five groups; (6 rats each). Group I served as the control while groups II-IV were given 100, 200, 300 mg/ kg bw/day propylparaben respectively. Group V; rats received 300 mg propyl paraben and treated with 100 mg SDE for four weeks. Results: Data obtained showed that rats given propyl paraben at 100 mg/kg b.w showed a non significant changes in the levels of glycated Hemoglobin (HA1c), Malondialdhyde (MDA), creatinine, glucose, insulin, antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH content. However, propyl paraben at 200 or 300 mg/kg b.w after 3 weeks, showed a significant elevated HA1c, MDA, fasting blood glucose, creatinine levels (p<0.001) while insulin level, were significantly reduced (p<0.001). The antioxidant enzymes activities (GPx, Grase, SOD, Catalase) were reduced in rats given propylparaben versus control. Treatment of rats with SDE ameliorate these abnormal changes. It was concluded that flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin and procyanidin) from SDE showed protective effect against abnormal variability induced by propylparaben by enhancing antioxidants activities, reduces lipid peroxidation and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Alarming the consumers for uses, the products contain propyl paraben for its toxic effect and diabetogenic effect. Identifying the mechanism of diabetogensis due to exposure of propylparaben for long time.