Ghanaian Herbal Medicines for Malaria: An Evaluation of the Clinical Safety and Effectiveness of “Time Herbal Mixture” in Uncomplicated Malaria

Andrews W Tetteh; Kwesi P Thomford; Merlin L Mensah; Kwame O Boadu; Ama K Thomford; Isaac K Amposah; Godfred Amofa; Benard K Turkson; Michael O Agyemang; Emmanuel DJ Owusu-Ansah

Ghanaian Herbal Medicines for Malaria: An Evaluation of the Clinical Safety and Effectiveness of “Time Herbal Mixture” in Uncomplicated Malaria

Articles

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Research,2020,12,1,71-75.

DOI:10.4103/pr.pr_23_19

Published:February 2020

Type:Original Article

Authors:

Author(s) affiliations:

Andrews W. Tetteh¹, Kwesi P. Thomford², Merlin L. Mensah², Kwame O. Boadu³, Ama K. Thomford⁴, Isaac K. Amposah⁵, Godfred Amofa¹, Benard K. Turkson⁶, Michael O. Agyemang⁷, Emmanuel D. J. Owusu-Ansah⁸

¹Herbal Medicine Unit, Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana Health Service, GHANA.

²Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GHANA.

³Department of Maternal and Child Health, Kumasi South Hospital, Cape Coast, GHANA.

⁴Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GHANA.

⁵Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GHANA.

⁶Herbal Medicine Unit, Tafo Government Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, GHANA.

⁷Department of Pharmacy, Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, GHANA.

⁸Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GHANA.

Abstract:

Background: Herbal antimalarials have become a popular source of treatment for most Ghanaians. The significant increase in patronage is of public health concern due to the lack of quality, safety, and efficacy data. Aim: In this report, we evaluated the clinical safety and effectiveness of a Ghanaian commercial product named “Time Herbal Mixture” (THM). The product is formulated from the leaves of Solanum torvum and Vernonia amygdalina and the stem bark of Spathodea campanulata and Bombax buonopozense. Methods: Participants of 40 patients diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria were recruited, treated, and followed up for a period of 28 days. This population comprised 25 (62.50%) females and 15 (37.50%) males, with a mean age of 42.29 (12.35) years. Outcome of primary interest was the ability of the product to clear blood parasites by day 7 of the study, resolution of cardinal symptoms of malaria, and an absence of adverse effects from the use of the product. Results and Discussion: A total of 33 (82.50%) participants achieved clearance of all parasites by day 7 (complete cure). Partial clearance was attained by 6 (15.0%) and treatment failure in 1 (2.50%). Resolution of the cardinal symptoms was also observed in most participants by day 7. The product also had a good safety profile as none of the participants reported any adverse effects. Liver, kidney, and hematological profiles were also normal after the study. Conclusion: “THM,” therefore, has the potential to be used in cases of uncomplicated malaria.