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Formulation and Characterization of a Polyherbal Sunscreen Containing Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Silybum marianum Extracts

1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 7

  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  2. 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Pitchandampalayam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  3. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Padur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  5. 5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KS Rangasamy College of Pharmacy, Thiruchencode, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  6. 6Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  7. 7Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.

CORRESPONDENCE

Dr. Sumathi Arumugam

Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Pitchandampalayam, Erode-638052, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.

venisumathi@gmail.com

Received: 11-02-2025; Accepted: 09-06-2025.

Volume 17, Issue 3 · pp. 836-849 · 2025 · DOI: 10.5530/pres.20252128

ABSTRACT

Prolonged Ultraviolet (UV) exposure induces oxidative stress, leading to inflammatory skin disorders in photosensitive individuals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a polyherbal sunscreen cream containing Camellia sinensis (CS), Vitis vinifera (VV), and Silybum marianum (SM) for its antioxidant and photoprotective efficacy. Alcoholic extracts of CS, VV, and SM were incorporated into six topical Formulations (F1-F6) using stearic acid as an emulsifier. Formulations were assessed for pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, total phenolic content, in vitro drug release, antioxidant activity, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF). FTIR analysis confirmed compatibility, while HPTLC validated the presence of key phytochemicals-epicatechin-3-galactoside (CS), procyanidin (VV), and Silybin (SM). Among the formulations, F4 demonstrated superior performance with 82.97±3.52% w/w of CS, 86.44±3.74% w/w of VV, and 80.78±31.76% w/w of SM. In vitro release studies indicated 75.77±3.59% w/w of CS, 78.12±4.23% w/w of VV, and 74.71±3.95% w/w of SM release over 8 hr, following zero-order kinetics and Higuchi diffusion. F4 exhibited a total polyphenolic content of 30 mg (Eq.GA)/g and 71.56±2.89% ROS inhibition, signifying potent antioxidant activity. Its SPF of 25.384 matched synthetic sunscreens. Stability studies confirmed its robustness over three months. F4 demonstrated excellent antioxidant and photoprotective properties, offering a promising natural alternative for managing UV-induced skin damage in photosensitive individuals.

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    Jayaprakash, N., Arumugam, S., Paramasivam, B., Kuppusamy, S. T. N., Jayaraman, S., Venkateasan, P., Rajendran, S., & Elumalai, K. (2025). Formulation and Characterization of a Polyherbal Sunscreen Containing Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Silybum marianum Extracts. Pharmacognosy Research, 17(3), 836-849. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.20252128

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    © 2025 Author(s)

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0