Article · Volume 1, Issue 2 · pp. 43-52
Antifouling Alkaloids from Crinum augustum (Amaryllidaceae)
John Refaat1, Ahmed Abdel-Lateff1, Mohamed S. Kamel1, Ahmed A. Ali2, Mahmoud A. Ramadan2, Tatsufumi Okino3, Yasuyuki Nogata4
- 1Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- 2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt.
- 3Faculty of environmental earth science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- 4Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Biology Department, Abiko, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract
Fractionation and purification of the ethanolic extract of the bulbs of Crinum augustum Rox. (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Egypt yielded five alkaloids 6-methoxy-crinamine (1), crinamine (2), buphanisine (3), ungeremine (4), and hippadine (5); two fatty acid derivatives: myristic acid ethyl ester (6) and palmitic acid ethyl ester (7); four terpenoidal and steroidal compounds: ursolic acid (8), β-sitosterol-O- β glucopyranoside (9) and mixture of β- sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11). The structures of all compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data; 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (HSQC, COSY, DQF, NOE and HMBC) NMR; MS and UV analyses. The compounds (1-4) and (6-8) were tested towards biofouling activity using larvae of barnacle Balance amphitrie. Significant activities of 1, 2 and 3 with EC50 1.8, 1.2 and 0.75 µg/mL respectively, were observed.
Keywords: Crinum augustum; Amaryllidaceous; anti-fouling; natural products
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