Investigation of Lupinus angustifolius Extracts against High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rats

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a global health concern, affecting a significant portion of the population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing globally due to the rising of obesity and physical inactivity. Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated Lupinus angustifolius seeds for their potential in alleviating metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome induced by High Fructose Diet. Materials and Methods: Hexane and ethyl acetate seeds extracts of L. angustifolius (HELA and EAELA) were screened for phytochemical constituents. Normoglycemic male albino Wistar rats were distributed into 6 groups with 6 in each. Fructose solution (10% w/v) administered p.o. for 8 weeks caused induction of Metabolic Disorder. The metabolic parameters were assessed and recorded before and after the administration of 200 mg/kg of extracts over 8 weeks. Results: Preliminary screening demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides among others from both extracts. HELA and EAELA showed a significant (p<0.001) decrease in obesity. They also led to significantly (p<0.001) decreased expression of inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TGFβ, and TNF-α. Hematological parameters exhibited improvement whereas HbA1C expressed a significant (p<0.001) increase in plasma insulin and HOMA IR revealed a significant (p<0.001) decrease in insulin resistance when compared to disease control. Metabolic hormone levels also showed a positive change after administration where leptin and adiponectin levels are decreased (p<0.001 and p<0.1 respectively) and gherlin levels were increased non-significantly (p<0.05). Antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant potential of the extracts was more proficient. Conclusion: The EAELA at 200 mg/kg displayed significant capacity in inhibiting the Metabolic Syndrome induced by High fructose diet when compared to that of HELA at 200 mg/kg which was effective in comparison with Standard.