@article {1393, title = {Assessment of Quality Control Parameters of Erandamoola Kwatha, Dhanvantari Taila and Yogaraja Guggulu in the Management of Non-specific Backache}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {577-580}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {577}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that promotes health and healing by using natural components. Quality and standardisation are essential to ensure the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic medicines. Materials and Materials: This study evaluates the quality of three widely used Ayurvedic formulations: Erandamoola Kwatha, Dhanvantari Taila and Yogaraja Guggulu through organoleptic, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis. These formulations, procured from a GMP-certified Ayurveda pharmacy, were subjected to different analytical tests to assess their properties and active constituents. Erandamoola Kwatha was analysed for its form, colour, pH, specific gravity and total solids. Results: The results are as per the in-house standards. Dhanvantari Taila underwent physicochemical analysis, including saponification, iodine value and rancidity testing, confirming its stability and quality. Yogaraja Guggulu was evaluated for disintegration time, moisture content, ash value and phytochemicals, revealing a rich profile of bioactive compounds, including steroids, flavonoids and tannins. Phytochemical screening highlighted key compounds such as cardiac glycosides and flavonoids in Erandamoola Kwatha and Yogaraja Guggulu, reinforcing their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Discussion: The results from all three formulations were consistent with traditional Ayurvedic principles and modern quality standards, supporting their safety and efficacy for therapeutic use. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of stringent quality control for Ayurvedic products, ensuring their reliability and therapeutic value. Future research should focus on bioavailability and clinical efficacy to further substantiate the therapeutic potential of these formulations.

}, keywords = {Dhanvantari Taila, Erandamoola kwatha, Physicochemical analysis, Phytochemical analysis, Quality, Yogaraja Guggulu}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252052}, author = {Ramesh Killedar and Pradeep Shindhe and Veena Kupati and Vijay Kage} } @article {1290, title = {HPLC Based Metabolomic Fingerprint Profiling as A Comprehensive Quality Assessment Tool, Why Not for Standardization of Ayurvedic Herbs and Formulations?}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {677-687}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {677}, abstract = {

A global resurgence and rampant increase in the usage of herbal medicines has led to malpractices in the absence of adequate regulatory control to meet the growing demand. To ensure quality and hence efficacy, of these drugs is the prime concern. The reason for poor regulatory control over herbal drugs is lack of adequate and accepted methods for evaluating them. In spite of technological advancement in analytical methods and instruments, standardization of herbal drugs is still an elusive goal. High Performance Liquid chromatography based metabolomic fingerprint profiling approach for different herbs and herbal formulations can be answer to this. HPLC based this approach is robust, precise, quantitative, easy to use, thus safeguarding that herbal medicine can be authenticated for their quality evaluation. In this review an introduction is given that why the quality evaluation of herbal medicine is important by means of HPLC based metabolomics. This approach includes extraction, chromatographic analysis and chemometric analysis to the produced chromatographic data. Various studies based on this approach are discussed that can be the torch light and helpful to keep the Legacy of intangible ayurvedic culture intact, that why and how this approach should be adopted.

}, keywords = {Ayurveda, Chemometric, Fingerprint, HPLC, Metabolomics, Quality}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.79}, author = {Nikunj Patel and Khushi Dave and Rinkal Patel and Kunjal Vegad and Niranjan Kanaki} } @article {1091, title = {Macroscopic and Microscopic Evaluation of Sansevieria cylindrica Plant}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {412-416}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {412}, abstract = {

Aim and Objectives: The exploitation, adulteration and substitution of herbs is major hurdle for development of commercial natural products. Thus, the microscopic evaluation is the first step towards standardization of medicinal plant. A leaf from Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook is examined both macroscopically and microscopically in the current study. Materials and Methods: Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook (Asparagaceae) is an indoor ornamental plant. Macroscopic characteristics viz. size and shape, colour, odour and taste were studied. Microscopic evaluations were performed by means of high-resolution microscope. Anatomy of the leaves was examined by following standard method of section cutting. Results: The macroscopic assessment showed that the plant leaves are light to dark green in colour having highly fibrous structure. Stomatal constants of 230, 19.6\% stomatal index, 53.34/mm2 vein islet number, and 79.12/mm2 vein termination number were noted in the leaves. Anomocytic stomata, unicellular trichomes, xylem fibres, oxalate crystals, vascular bundles, etc. were all revealed in detailed microscopy. Conclusion: The macroscopic and microscopic findings of the Sansevieria cylindrica leaf are applicable for standardization and authentication of plant.

}, keywords = {Microscopy, Purity etc, Quality, Sansevieria cylindrica, Stomata, Xylem}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.60}, author = {Sunil Shewale and Vaishali Undale and Maruti Shelar and Bhushan Pimple and Mohini Kuchekar and Vrushali Bhalchim} } @article {325, title = {The Mealiness and Quality of Herbal Medicine: Licorice for Example}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017}, pages = {151-155}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {151}, abstract = {

Background: The morphological identification is an effective and simple quality evaluation method in Chinese drugs, and the traits of mealiness and color were widely used in the commercial market of Chinese drugs. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between mealiness of herbal drugs and its quality; licorice was selected as an example. Materials and Methods: The mealiness of licorice was graded by its weight; meanwhile, the content of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection method; the content of polysaccharides, soluble sugars, pectin, total starch, amylose, and amylopectin was measured by colorimetric method; and the number and diameter of starch granule were observed by microscope. Results: The results showed that the mealiness of licorice which collected from wild and cultivated plants is positively correlated with the content of glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, the ratio of amylose to total starch, and the number of starch granules whose diameter was over 5 μm. However, the mealiness is negatively correlated with the total starch. Further, the formation mechanism of starch granule was discussed. Conclusion: It is for the first time to report the positive correlation between the mealiness and the starch granule size, the ratio of amylose to total starch, which can provide rationality for the quality evaluation using the character of mealiness in herbal medicine.

}, keywords = {Liquorice, Mealiness, Quality}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.204642}, author = {Xueying Liu and Weilong Hou and Deqiang Dou} } @article {670, title = {Difficulty for Consumers in Choosing Commercial Bilberry Supplements by Relying only on Product Label Information}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {212-215}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {212}, abstract = {

Background:\ Various kinds of bilberry supplements have recently become available on the market. However, it is doubtful whether consumers receive accurate information to be able to compare different supplements.\ Objective:\ We aimed to investigate whether consumers can obtain the expected benefits by relying only on the information printed on the product labels of commercial bilberry supplements.\ Materials and Methods:\ The quality of 20 supplements was investigated by the spectrophotometric method and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Each peak was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantified using an external standard. The percentage of the actual measured value relative to the indicated value on the product label was determined using the spectrophotometric method. The daily dosage was calculated from the total amount of anthocyanins quantified by UHPLC and information on the product label.\ Results:\ In 14 of 20 supplements, the total anthocyanin content expressed as delphinidin equivalents was within 20\% of the labeled value. However, the extent of degradation could not be determined by the spectrophotometric method. In fresh bilberry fruit, anthocyanidins were barely detected. In 8 of 20 supplements, the anthocyanidin content was \>1.0\%. The daily dosage of anthocyanins varied by about 66-fold among supplements, and the dosage of 6 supplements was less than the recommended level in Japan.\ Conclusions:\ Consumers cannot always obtain the expected benefits by relying only on product label information. Therefore, new rules concerning product label information are required to make it possible for consumers to take the equivalent amounts of anthocyanins for whichever bilberry supplement they choose.

}, keywords = {Anthocyanidins, Bilberry Anthocyanins, Consumer, Product Label Information, Quality}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112432 }, author = {Masao Yamamoto and Katsunori Yamaura and Makiko Ishiwatari and Koichi Ueno} }