@article {322, title = {Innovative Research on Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Bioactivity in the Isolated Constituent from Methanol Extract of Galphimia glauca cav. Stems}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {265-274}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {265}, abstract = {

Background: Galphimia glauca Cav (GG) is naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. Objective: The present study has been opted to shed light on GG stems to isolate, characterize, and explore the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated phytomolecule using in vivo models. Materials and Methods: The bioactive fraction of the active stem methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography followed by preparative thin layer chromatography to separate the phytoconstituent. The isolated phytoconstituent was characterized and evaluated for toxicological studies, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The isolated phytoconstituent {\textquotedblleft}BS-1{\textquotedblright} was characterized by melting point, Rf value, IR spectra, mass spectra, 1H-NMR spectrum, and 13C NMR spectrum. The LD50 of BS-1 was found to be \>2000 mg/kg. The results were significant (P \< 0.001 and P \< 0.01) in hot plate test and tail clip test. The central analgesic effect of BS-1 was further proved through reversal actions of naloxone. The peripheral analgesic actions exhibited by BS-1 were significant (P \< 0.001) in formalin and writhing test when compared to control group. In carrageenan test, BS-1 exhibited significant (P <= 0.05) dose-dependent activity on comparison of the high dose with respective low dose. The BS-1 exhibited significant (P <= 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, when correlated with the standard drug in cotton pellet induced granuloma test. Conclusion: The BS-1 exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in central and peripheral models of analg

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Column chromatography, Formalin test, Galphimia glauca Clav, Hotplate test, Isolation}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_151_17}, author = {Baba Shankar Rao Garige and Keshetti Srisailam and Vattikuti Uma Maheshwara Rao} } @article {919, title = {Standardised herbal extract of chlorogenic acid from leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {September 2011}, pages = {178-184}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {178}, abstract = {

Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) or 5-caffeoylquinic acid, was found to be the dominant phenolic compound in leaves of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae). The CGA content of E. elatior leaves was significantly higher than flowers of Lonicera japonica (honeysuckle), the commercial source. In this study, a protocol to produce a standardised herbal CGA extract from leaves of E. elatior using column chromatography was developed. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried leaves of E. elatior were extracted with 30\% ethanol, and sequentially fractionated using Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20. Results: The CGA fractions, which yielded extracts of 10\% and 40\% w/w purity, possessed antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and antibacterial properties. The entire fractionation process took only 6.5 hours, using gravity flow. From 50 g of leaves, the final yield of CGA extract was 0.2 g (0.4\%). The CGA content of the standardised herbal extract from leaves of E. elatior (40\%) is 1.6 times that of commercial extracts from honeysuckle flowers (25\%). Conclusion: With high CGA content, the standardised herbal extract has a great potential to be developed into functional food and other health products. Leaves of E. elatior, which currently have no economic value, could serve as an alternative source of CGA. Leaves are large, available in abundance, and harvesting is non-destructive to the plants.

}, keywords = {Chlorogenic acid, Column chromatography, Fractionation, standardised extract}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.85003}, author = {Eric W.C Chan and Yau Yan Lim and Shiau Pin Tan} }