@article {1113, title = {Physicochemical, Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Terminalia catappa Kernel Oil in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {119-127}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {119}, abstract = {

Background: Terminalia catappa Linn. is an ornamental tree belonging to the family Combretaceae. This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity profile and antioxidant activity of the oil. Materials and Methods: Oral acute and sub-acute toxicity were studied in mice using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH free radical. Results: Terminalia catappa seed oil demonstrated antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH free radical with IC50 of 1.425 mg/mL while tannic acid (standard) was 5.005 mg/mL. The oral LD50 of the oil in mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The sub-acute toxicity study, produced no significant difference in the weight and biochemical parameters in treated animals compared to the control. Conclusion: The oil was also non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and lungs on histopathological examination. Our results indicated that Terminalia catappa seed oil is not toxic and contains beneficial phytochemical that demonstrated antioxidant activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, DPPH, Phytochemical, Terminalia catappa, Toxicity.}, doi = {10.5530/097484900304}, author = {Emmanuel Mshelia Halilu and Chinenye Jane Ugwah-Oguejiofor and G{\"o}ksu Oduncuo{\u g}lu and Solomon Gamde Matthias} } @article {297, title = {Assessments of Antioxidant, Antilipid Peroxidation, and In-vitro Safety of Derris scandens Vine Extracts from Southern Thailand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {60-66}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: Derris scandens (DS) has been used in Thai traditional medicine recipes for musculoskeletal pain relief in Southern Thailand. Changing of terrain and climate affected its phytochemical constituents and led to change antioxidant and toxic properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to study phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties, and toxicity of the DS extracts{\textquoteright} in vitro models. Materials and Methods: The DS ethanolic extract (EE) was partially extracted with chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and water (aqueous extract [AE]). Phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties, and toxicity in Caco-2 cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and red blood cells (RBCs) were explored. Results: Genistein and gallic acid were rich in the EE and CE. The CE demonstrated the highest 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity with half-maximal Radical cavenging concentration (SC50) value {\textendash} 0.81 {\textpm} 0.07 mg/mL. The EE showed the highest 2, 2{\textquoteright}-azino - bis (3 - ethylbenzothiazoline - 6 - sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity (SC50 = 22.05 {\textpm} 3.91 μg/mL) and all the extracts strongly inhibited lipid peroxidation. The EE and CE were more toxic than the EAE on Caco-2 cells with IC50 values {\textendash} 26.45 {\textpm} 3.57 and 36.36 {\textpm} 6.87 μg/mL, respectively. At high dose, all fractions were not toxic to human{\textquoteright}s PBMCs, but they slightly induced RBC hemolysis by 3-6 percent. Conclusion: The DS grown in Southern Thailand had antioxidant properties, toxic to Caco-2 cells and not toxic to normal cells. High dose and continuous consumption of the DS must be concerned. Further safety assessment models including animals and humans should be performed to find safety dose of the DS.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Derris scandens, Genistein, Phytochemical contents, Toxicity.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_141_18}, author = {Rawiwan Nooin and Pornsiri Pitchakarn and Chaturong Kanchai and Churdsak Jaikang} }