@article {1425, title = {Safawi Date Extract Ameliorated Diabetogensis and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Propyl Paraben in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {July 2025}, pages = {920-926}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {920}, abstract = {

Objectives: The Parabens are synthetic compounds used as antibacterial and antifungal preservatives in many products. The nephrotoxicity and diabetogenic development during exposure of rats to propyl paraben and role of of Safawi Date Extract (SDE) supplementation were investigated. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were assigned into five groups; (6 rats each). Group I served as the control while groups II-IV were given 100, 200, 300 mg/ kg bw/day propylparaben respectively. Group V; rats received 300 mg propyl paraben and treated with 100 mg SDE for four weeks. Results: Data obtained showed that rats given propyl paraben at 100 mg/kg b.w showed a non significant changes in the levels of glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Malondialdhyde (MDA), creatinine, glucose, insulin, antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH content. However, propyl paraben at 200 or 300 mg/kg b.w after 3 weeks, showed a significant elevated HbA1c, MDA, fasting blood glucose, creatinine levels (p\<0.001) while insulin level, were significantly reduced (p\<0.001). The antioxidant enzymes activities (GPx, Grase, SOD, Catalase) were reduced in rats given propylparaben versus control. Treatment of rats with SDE ameliorate these abnormal changes. It was concluded that flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin and procyanidin) from SDE showed protective effect against abnormal variability induced by propylparaben by enhancing antioxidants activities, reduces lipid peroxidation and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Alarming the consumers for uses, the products contain propyl paraben for its toxic effect and diabetogenic effect. Identifying the mechanism of diabetogensis due to exposure of propylparaben for long time.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, date flavonoides, Insulin resistance, Propylparaben, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252173}, author = {Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki} } @article {1316, title = {Evaluation of Fractions of Artocarpus lakoocha R. on Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Toxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {897-907}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {897}, abstract = {

Background: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline derivative, is a cytotoxic drug that has been shown to be effective against a variety of cancers. Its clinical utility has been limited due to dose-dependent cardiac toxicity. Objectives: To fractionate the ethanolic extract of bioactive Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. bark and to Phytochemical investigation of fractions and pharmacological evaluation on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies conducted to determine Cardioprotective activity of the fractions of ethanolic plant extract. Cardiotoxicity induced with DOX (2.5 mg/kg body weight i.p) in 6 equal injections given alternatively for 2 weeks to make a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Comparative studies were done between Treatment group, Dox 2.5 mg/kg on alternative day for 2 weeks followed by fractionation method-Petroleum ether fraction (11.2 mg/kg), Chloroform fraction (66 mg/kg), Ethyl acetate fraction (34 mg/kg) and aqueous fraction (44.4 mg/kg) of Artocarpus lakoocha R. for 2 weeks. Animals were observed for change in body weight, food and water intake ECG changes, hematology analysis such as RCB, WBC, Platelet, hematocrite level, Cardiac markers such as CK-MB, LDH and cTn I, Antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, Catalases, SOD and MDA were monitored. Heart histopathological studies carried out to evaluate cardiotoxicity. Results: As a result of Dox treatment, cardiomyopathy develops, which is characterized by an increase in cardiac biomarkers, changes in ECG, hematology analysis and a deficiency in antioxidant enzymes. By lowering the elevated levels of biomarker enzymes like LDH and CK-MB and the absence of CTnl, Fractions of EAAL significantly protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox. Conclusion: Based on results of general appearance, hematology analysis, ECG studies, specific cardiac markers and antioxidant activity, it is concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Artocarpus lakoocha R. exhibited cardioprotective activity. Based on data obtained, treatment studies were found more effective when compared with preventive studies. Phytocompounds present in the plant is responsible for the cardioprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Artocarpus lakoocha R., cardiotoxicity, Doxorubicin, Oxidative stress, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.4.102}, author = {Shreya Nagmoti and Shrishail K. Nimbal and Hasanpasha N. Sholapur and Navya S and Siddalingaswamy Hiremath} } @article {1268, title = {Neuroprotective Effect of Ginger in Ameliorating ATPases Activities in Streptozotocin: Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {574-580}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {574}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes affects each and every part of the human body and is a chronic health condition. About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger on ATPases (Na+/K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the mitochondrial fractions of Hypothalamus (HT), Cerebral Cortex (CC), Hippocampus (HC) and Cerebellum (CB) of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 30 wistar strain albino rats are divided into five groups Normal Control (NC), ginger treatment (Gt), diabetic control (DC), Diabetic+Ginger (D+Gt) and Diabetic+Glibenclimide (D+Gli). Na+/K+, Mg2+Ca2+ MDA levels and liver markers estimated in all the groups. Results: Diabetic rats showed depletion in Na+/K+, Mg2+Ca2+ activities, body weights, plasma insulin and elevation in MDA levels in brain structures. Whereas blood glucose levels increased and liver markers Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatise (ALP) are elevated in diabetic rats. Our results suggest that ginger treatment prevent the diabetes induced depletion of brain ATPases, body weights, insulin and MDA, thus enabling to preserve brain function in regulation of intracellular homeostasis of Na+ /K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, body weights and liver markers are also normalized with ginger supplementation in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our findings may suggest that ginger treatment may decrease the diabetes associated neuronal dysfunction. Further our histopathological study also proves that ginger protected brain cells from diabetic induced oxidative stress. Our study indicates that ginger treatment may reduce neuronal complications during diabetes condition.

}, keywords = {ATPases, Brain regions, Diabetes, Ginger, MDA, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.68}, author = {Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam and Meesala Guru Sekhar and Chilakala Ramakrishana and Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy} } @article {1095, title = {Effect of Some Naturally Occurring Monoterpenes viz d-Limonene, p-Cymene and Terpinolene on the Glycemic and Hepatic Function in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {446-453}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {446}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly serious health problem in society with type 2 diabetes the most common type of diabetes. Objectives: Our main aim was to test the efficacy of some naturally occurring pure monoterpenes viz d-limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene in modulating glycemic and hepatic function. Materials and Methods: Rats were given soybean oil (as source of fat) for 28 days once daily per os and a single dose of 35mg/ kg streptozotocin i.p. at the end for diabetes induction. Post diabetes detection, animals were treated with d-limonene 300mg/kg, p-cymene (150mg/kg and 200mg/kg), terpinolene (12.5mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) and standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (5mg/kg) once daily orally for a period of another 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, blood glucose, serum levels of insulin, HbA1c, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, total protein and albumin were determined. Liver was isolated for histopathology. Results: Biochemical profile revealed that d-limonene, p-cymene, and terpinolene significantly restored blood glucose, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, albumin and total protein. However, d-limonene (300mg/kg) and terpinolene (25mg/kg) exhibited more pronounced activity than p-cymene (150mg/kg). Histopathology of diabetic group revealed binucleated cells, degeneration of parenchyma, clear cell foci, granular cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli and darkly stained nucleolus while d-limonene, p-cymene and terpinolene treated groups were successful in slowing down the progression of pathology associated with hepatic architecture. Conclusion: D-limonene, p-cymene and terpinolene have the potential to control parameters related to glycemia. Because of the fact that type 2 diabetics are at risk of several liver pathologies, d-limonene, p-cymene and terpinolene exhibited hepatoprotective activity also.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Histopathology, Liver, Rats, Streptozotocin}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.65}, author = {Sheeba Shakeel and Nahida Tabassum} } @article {283, title = {Antidiabetic Effects of Aqueous and Dichloromethane/Methanol Stem Bark Extracts of Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub (Papilionaceae) on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {80-86}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {80}, abstract = {

Aim of the Study: The aim is to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of aqueous and CH2Cl2/CH3OH stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub in normal and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and normal adult Wistar rats were orally administered with aqueous and CH2Cl2/CH3OH plant extracts of P. soyauxii at various doses (38{\textendash}300 mg/kg) in a single administration. In addition, STZ-induced diabetic rats received prolonged daily administration for 14 days. Glibenclamide (GB) (10 mg/kg) was used as reference treatment. In acute test, fasting blood glucose was followed for 5 h. In subacute test, body weight, food and water intakes, and blood glucose were followed weekly and serum biochemical parameters evaluated after 14 days treatment. Results: Acute administration of aqueous and CH2Cl2/ CH3OH stem bark extracts moderately decreased fasting blood glucose compared to GB, significantly in normal rats (P \< 0.05 to P \< 0.01) but, as GB, not significantly in diabetic rats. Prolonged treatments in diabetic rats with aqueous and CH2Cl2/CH3OH extracts reduced blood glucose to an extent, respectively, superior or similar to GB. Moreover, P. soyauxii also significantly (P \< 0.01) reduced weight loss, and diabetes increased serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and transaminases (alanine aminotransferase/ aspartate aminotransferase) elevations. Conclusion: P. soyauxii Taub stem bark extracts have possible value for antidiabetic oral medication.

}, keywords = {Antihyperglycemic, Diabetes mellitus, Phytotherapy, Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub, Rats, Streptozotocin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.199767}, author = {Marie Claire Tchamadeu and Paul D{\'e}sir{\'e} Djomeni Dzeufiet and Nelly Blaes and Jean-Pierre Girolami and Pierre Kamtchouing and Th{\'e}ophile Dimo} } @article {878, title = {Antidiabetic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Crude extract of Stevia rebaudiana in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {258-263}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {258}, abstract = {

Background: Stevia rebaudiana regulates blood sugar, prevents hypertension and tooth decay. Other studies have shown that it has antibacterial as well as antiviral property. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of aqueous, ether and methanolic extracts of S. rebaudiana was done. Acute and sub-acute toxicity were conducted on twenty four Albino rats, divided into one control (Group I) and three treatment groups viz. aqueous extract (Group II), ether extract (Group III) and methanolic extract (Group IV). For the study of antidiabetic effect of S. rebaudiana rats were divided into seven groups (n=6). Diabetes was induced by a single dose of 5\% alloxan monohydrate (125 mg/kg, i.p.) after 24 hour fasting.Blood samples were analysed on day 0, 1, 5, 7, 14 and 28. Results: Phytochemical tests showed presence of different kinds of phyto-constituents in aqueous, ether and methanol extract of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Daily single dose (2.0 g/kg) administration of aqueous extract (A.E.) , ether extract (E.E.) and methanol extract (M.E.) for 28 days of S. rebaudiana could not show any significant change in ALT and AST levels in rats. Blood sugar level was found to be decreased on day 28 in groups of rats treated with A.E., E.E. and M.E. of S. rebaudiana. Conclusion: The extracts of Stevioside rebaudiana could decrease the blood glucose level in diabetic rats in time dependent manner.

}, keywords = {Aqueous extract, Diabetes, Ether extract, Methanol extract, Rats, Stevia rebaudiana, Sub-acute toxicity}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69128}, author = {R. S. Kujur, Vishakha Singh and Mahendra Ram and Harlokesh Narayan Yadava and K K Singh and Suruchi Kumari and B. K. Roy} }