@article {71, title = {A Review of the Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Properties of Cynodon dactylon}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {June 2021}, pages = {104-112}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {104}, abstract = {

Background: Cynodon dactylon is the scientific name of the common perennial grass whose lustre of green pasture covers the land. In layman{\textquoteright}s language, it is seen as a surface pasture in a sports field, garden lawns or terrace gardens, or as an unwanted weed in gardens. Many are unaware of its phytoconstituents, pharmacological and nutraceutical properties which progressively make science to aim for C. dactylon{\textquoteright}s enormous nutraceutical potential in curing problems like ulcers, diabetes, arrhythmia, diarrhoea, inflammation, edema and etc. Objectives: To discuss the constituents of phytochemicals and nutraceutical properties of C. dactylon with its curative investigation for various common ailments. Materials and Methods: Different kinds of extracts i.e. aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, alcoholic extract, hydro-alcoholic extracts etc. of C. dactylon were taken into account to study their curing potential against ailments organically. Results: Having its origin from east of Africa, it contains large amounts of biologically active compounds or phytochemical compounds, which has attracted many researchers to study its curative nutraceutical properties. Experiments conducted on animals have resulted in the effect of C. dactylon is, in the field of whether treating ailments or healing up excision or incision wounds, reducing ulcers, or improving the functioning of the muscular system and the circulatory system of the body. Conclusion: Biologically active phytocontituents in C. dactylon effective against the bodily ailments and are of high importance once the products are made easily available.

}, keywords = {Cynodon dactylon, Extracts, Nutraceutical, Pharmacological, Phytoconstituents}, doi = {10.5530/pres.13.3.1}, author = {Shweta Das and Sonia Morya and Arno Neumann and Vijay Kumar Chattu} } @article {771, title = {Evaluation of Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Leaves of Citrullus colocynthis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {May,2014}, pages = {218-226}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {218}, abstract = {

Background: Citrullus colocynthis is a folk medicinal plan of United Arab Emirates. Several studies on this plant reported and focused on the biological and toxicological profile of fruits pulp. The present study focused on the antioxidant potency of leaf extract of this plant. Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities of C. colocynthis by chemical method. Materials and Methods: Four different solvent extracts (methanol-CCM, methanol: water (1:1)-CCMW, chloroform-CCC and hexane-CCH) of leaves of C. colocynthis were investigated for their free radical scavenging activity using DPPH radical as a substrate, lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitory activity using a model system consisting of β-carotene-linoleic acid, superoxide radical scavenging activity (enzymatically/nonenzymatically) and XO inhibitory activity. A dose response curve was plotted for determining SC 50 and IC 50 values for expressing the results of free radical scavenging activity and XO inhibitory activities respectively. Results: The high polyphenolic content of CCM and CCMW extract showed highest antioxidant activity irrespective the method used for this investigation. The overall results decreased in the order of: CCM \> CCMW \> CCC \> CCH. CCH extract was inactive towards chemically generated superoxide radical and poor DPPH radical scavengers. The results of LPO inhibitory activities of leaves extract (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL) also decreased in the order of: CCM \> CCMW \> CCC \> CCH. Overall 1.0 mg/mL leaves extract showed highest antioxidant potency amongst the studied concentration. Conclusion: CCMW and CCM extract of C. colocynthis exhibited promising antioxidants and XO inhibitory activities.

}, keywords = {Citrullus colocynthis, Extracts, Free radical and lipid peroxidation, Superoxide radical, Xanthine oxidase}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.132599}, author = {Fazilatun Nessa and Saeed A. Khan} } @article {901, title = {Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Green, Black, and Herbal Teas of Camellia Sinensis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {November,2011}, pages = {266-272}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {266}, abstract = {

Background: The role of non-polymeric phenolic (NP) and polymeric tannin (PT) constituents in the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of six brands of green, black, and herbal teas of Camellia sinensis were investigated. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic content (TPC) and ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Minimum inhibitory dose (MID) against Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, and Gramnegative. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using the disc-diffusion method. Teas were extracted with hot water successively three times for one hour each time. The extracts were fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to obtain the NP and PT constituents. Results: Extraction yields ranged from 12 to 23\%. Yields of NP fractions (70-81\%) were much higher than those of PT fractions (1-11\%), suggesting that the former are the major tea components. Ranking of antioxidant properties of extracts was green tea\>black tea\>herbal tea. For all six teas, antioxidant properties of PT fractions were significantly higher than extracts and NP fractions. Extracts and fractions of all six teas showed no activity against the three Gram-negative bacteria. Green teas inhibited all three Gram-positive bacteria with S. aureus being the least susceptible. Black and herbal teas inhibited the growth of M. luteus and B. cereus, but not S. aureus. The most potent were the PT fractions of Boh Cameron Highlands and Ho Yan Hor with MID of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/disc against M. luteus. Conclusion: Results suggested that NP constituents are major contributors to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of teas of C. sinensis. Although PT constituents have stronger antioxidant and antibacterial properties, they constitute only a minor component of the teas.

}, keywords = {Extracts, Fractions, Minimum inhibitory dose, Non-polymeric phenolics, Polymeric tannins}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.89748}, author = {Eric W.C. Chan and Eu Ying Soh and Pei Pei Tie and Yon Peng Law} }