@article {1074, title = {Pharmacognostical Standardization, Phytochemical Characteristics of Stem-bark of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {316-320}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {316}, abstract = {

Background: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb (ZA) also known as {\textquoteleft}Indian Prickly Ash{\textquoteright} is a member of the Rutaceae family. It is native to the Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, and various other parts of India and is an important medicinal plant species. The stem bark of the plant is known to be a particularly rich source of medicinal compounds, and it is frequently utilized as an anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent. Despite the high therapeutic efficacy of bark, nothing is known about the requirements for its standardization. Since the quality control and standardization qualities of the product must be thoroughly documented, of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb was produced as a result of the current research, which may be seen here. As part of this research, the stem bark of Z. alatum was harvested, dried in the shade, and then pulverised. The establishment of pharmacognostical standards was accomplished via the use of techniques such as microand macroscopy, physicochemical parameters, extractive values, and fluorescence analysis. Results: There were numerous distinguishing traits in the stem bark of Z. alatum Roxb that were discovered using macroscopic, microscopic, and physical-chemical criteria. Conclusion: This is the first research to provide a comprehensive pharmacognostic profile of the stem bark of Z. alatum Roxb, and it will be a helpful source of information in the development of pharmacognostic criteria for identification, purity, quality, and categorization of Z. alatum Roxb stem bark.

}, keywords = {Indian Prickly Ash, Microscopical features, Phytochemical screening., Standardization, Zanthoxylum alatum}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.3.46}, author = {Nishant Kumar and Pooja Puri and Navdeep Kaur and Jasreen Uppal and Apporva Chawla and Monika and Prince Ahad Mir} } @article {262, title = {Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Litchi chinensis Sonn.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {1-7}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background: Litchi chinensis is used in traditional Chinese medicine and by Indian medical system. Ethnopharmacological studies show anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and analgesic activities, among others. However, there are few studies of antimicrobial activity. This study evaluates antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of the lychee{\textquoteright}s leaves extract (LE) and fractions. Materials and Methods: Extracts were obtained using an exhaustive extraction method with ethanol: Water (7:3 v/v). Subsequently, LE was concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Finally, LE was dried via lyophilization. Fractions were obtained via the partition process. Bioactivity of the LE and fractions (hexane [Hex], ethyl acetate [EtOAc], n-butanol [BuOH], and aqueous [Aq]) from L. chinensis was evaluated through antimicrobial activity using broth microdilution, antioxidant activity via both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hidrazila assay and ferric reducing capacity and cytotoxicity through 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Furthermore, mass spectrometry technique electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical composition of the LE and fractions. Results: Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and condensed tannins were the main substances found. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in EtOAc (541.15 {\textpm} 2.4 mg/g and 31.06 {\textpm} 0.5 mg/g, respectively). This fraction showed the best results for antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.45 mg/mL) and ferric reducing capacity (20.27\% {\textpm} 0.11). The LE and fractions showed considerable antimicrobial activity, chiefly against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis, with the minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 50 to 1560 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study revealed that L. chinensis is a source of bioactive compounds potentially useful for pharmaceutical and food industries.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Medicinal plants, Phenolic compounds, Phytochemical screening.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_105_18}, author = {Marisa De Oliveira Lopes and Ana Fl{\'a}via Da Silva and Cl{\'a}udio Daniel Cerdeira and Ingridy Simone Ribeiro and Isael Aparecido Rosa and Luis Felipe Cunha Dos Reis and Marcelo Aparecido Da Silva and Marcos Jos{\'e} Marques and Jorge Kleber Chavasco} }