@article {1342, title = {High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Methods for Estimation of Chemical Markers in Stachytarpheta indica Vahl.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {94-99}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {94}, abstract = {

Background: Stachytarpheta indica Vahl. (Verbenaceae family), commonly known as Indian Snakeweed, is a valuable medicinal plant. A systematic phytochemical analysis of bioactives of this plant is lacking till date. Objectives: The present study is aimed to develop validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) methods for quantification of 6 marker compounds, β-sitosterol, lupeol, ursolic acid, apigenin, caffeic acid and verbascoside in S. indica plant. Materials and Methods: Normal phase chromatography was used to develop mobile phase systems that could aid in the identification and quantification of the phytochemicals in the entire plant. Several enhancements were made to the basic method of thin-layer chromatography to automate the different steps, to increase the resolution achieved and to allow more accurate quantitative measurement. The methods were validated as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Results: The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship (r2=0.9873-0.9979) in the concentration range of 1-5 μg for β-sitosterol, lupeol and ursolic acid; 0.5-5 μg for apigenin, 1-3 μg for caffeic acid; and 3-8 μg per spot for verbascoside with respect to area. The average recoveries for phytoconstituents were 98.32 to 98.97\%, indicating the good reproducibility. Verbascoside 1.3598{\textpm}0.014\% w/w was present at high concentration and ursolic acid 0.0027{\textpm}0.0007\% w/w was present at low concentration in the whole plant powder. Conclusion: The validated TLC-densitometric methods were simple, precise, accurate, specific and can be used for the routine quality control of raw materials of S. indica.

}, keywords = {Apigenin, Caffeic acid, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Stachytarpheta indica, Ursolic acid, Verbascoside}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251934}, author = {Vihangi Patel and Krupa Gadhvi and Karuna Modi and Mamta Shah} } @article {1181, title = {Estimation of Ursolic Acid in Methanolic Extract of Momordica dioica by HPTLC Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {727-732}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {727}, abstract = {

Background: A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications have been shown to lessen pain and inflammation. Unfortunately, there are numerous side effects connected with their use. There are, however, medicinal plants that have anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects with little to no side effects. Momordica dioica is a herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. There are numerous phytoconstituents in it. Ursolic acid is one of them and a pentacyclic terpenoid that is found in nature and has a number of therapeutic benefits. The current study looked at Ursolic Acid{\textquoteright}s activities (UA), a secondary plant metabolite, for its anti-inflammatory properties in the Momordica dioica plant. The current study{\textquoteright}s objective was to create and validate an HPTLC method that was quick, accurate, precise, and specific for determining ursolic acid from Momordica dioica herbal extract. Methodology/Conclusion/Significance: For quick analysis of Ursolic acid determination, The High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was established and confirmed. On an aluminium HPTLC plate (60 F254) coated with precoated silica gel with formic acid, ethyl acetate, and toluene (7:3:0,1), chromatographic separation was accomplished. The detection process was carried out at 530 nm. Ursolic acid{\textquoteright}s Rf value was discovered to be 0.795\%. In the 400ng/band concentration range, linearity for ursolic acid was detected. The limits of detection and quantitation for ursolic acid were observed to be 0.04 ng/ band and 0.14 ng/band, respectively. The mean \% recovery of rosmarinic acid was (0.54). The method{\textquoteright}s specificity, robustness, linearity, precision, and accuracy have all been validated in compliance with ICH standards. The created method can be used to evaluate the regularity of ursolic acid in herbal extracts.

}, keywords = {Chromatography, Herbal extract, HPTLC, Inflammation, Methanol, momordica dioica, Rf value, Ursolic acid}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.077}, author = {Jui Darbhe and Vrushali Neve and Vrushali Bhalchim and Ashwini Tonpe and Pritam Khandave and Suchita Mane and Rupali Yewale} } @article {215, title = {Cytotoxic Compounds from Wrightia pubescens (R.Br.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {February 2018}, pages = {9-15}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {9}, abstract = {

Background: Mixtures of ursolic acid (1) and oleanolic acid (2) (1:1 and 1:2), oleanolic acid (2), squalene (3), chlorophyll a (4), wrightiadione (5), and α-amyrin acetate (6) were isolated from the dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) extracts of the leaves and twigs of Wrightia pubescens (R.Br.). Objectives: To test for the cytotoxicity potentials of 1{\textendash}6. Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative activities of 1{\textendash}6 against three human cancer cell lines, breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29 and HCT-116), and a normal cell line, human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn), were evaluated using the PrestoBlue{\textregistered} cell viability assay. Results: Compounds 4, 1 and 2 (1:2), 2, 1 and 2 (1:1), and 5 exhibited the most cytotoxic effects against HT-29 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.68, 0.74, 0.89, 1.70, and 4.07 μg/mL, respectively. Comparing 2 with its 1:1 mixture with 1 (IC50 = 1.70 and 7.18 μg/mL for HT-29 and HCT-116, respectively) and 1:2 mixture with 1 (0.74 and 3.46 μg/mL for HT-29 and HCT-116, respectively), 2 also showed strong cytotoxic potential against HT-29 and HCT-116 (0.89 and 2.33 μg/mL, respectively). Unlike the mixtures which exhibited low effects on MCF-7 (IC50 = 20.75 and 30.06 μg/mL for 1:1 and 1:2, respectively), 2 showed moderate activity against MCF-7 (10.99 μg/mL). Compound 6 showed the highest cytotoxicity against HCT-116 (IC50 = 4.07 μg/mL). Conclusion: Mixtures of 1 and 2 (1:1 and 1:2), 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 from the CH2Cl2 extracts of the leaves and twigs of W. pubescens (R.Br.) exhibited varying cytotoxic activities. All the compounds except 6 exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects against HT-29. On the other hand, 6 was most cytotoxic against HCT-116. Overall, the toxicities of 1{\textendash}6 were highest against HT-29, followed by HCT-116 and MCF-7. All the compounds showed varying activities against HDFn (IC50 \<30 μg/mL).

}, keywords = {Apocynaceae, Chlorophyll a, cytotoxicity, Half maximal inhibitory concentration, HCT-116, HDFn, HT-29, MCF-7, Oleanolic acid, PrestoBlue{\textregistered} cell viability assay, Squalene, Ursolic acid, Wrightia pubescens R. Brown, Wrightiadione, α-amyrin acetate}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_45_17}, author = {Mariquit M. De Los Reyes and Glenn G. Oyong and Vincent Antonio S. Ng and Consolacion Y. Ragasa} } @article {477, title = {The Potent Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B from the Fruits of Melaleuca leucadendron}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {38-41}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {38}, abstract = {

Background: Melaleuca leucadendron (Myrtaceae) is a kind of fruit used as Indonesian medicinal component and recorded in Jamu (tonic made of medical herbs) prescription records for the diabetes treatment. Its methanol extract exhibited a strong inhibitory activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.05 μg/mL, while it is the same value with positive control RK-682. Objective: To isolate the chemical constituents of M. leucadendron and to evaluate their activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Further, determine their toxicity potential against T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Materials and Methods: Methanol extract was fractionated using silica column chromatography, and the obtained fraction was purified using Sephadex 20-LH. The structure of isolated compounds was identified based on 1H and 13Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. Furthermore, the compounds were examined against PTP1B and TCPTP. Results: Methanol extract of M. leucadendron (Myrtaceae) afforded two triterpenes: Betulinic acid and ursolic acid in high quantities. Both compounds exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against PTP1B inhibition with IC50 value of 1.5 and 2.3 μg/mL, respectively (positive control RK-682, IC50 = 2.05 μg/mL). Their activity toward TCPTP, on the other hand, were at 2.4 and 3.1 μg/ mL, respectively. Based on this purification work, betulinic acid and ursolic acid presented 7.6\% and 2.4\%, respectively, as markedly M. leucadendron most potential for betulinic acid source among Indonesian plants. The result should have demonstrated that the antidiabetes of M. dendron could be through the inhibition of PTP1B.

}, keywords = {Betulinic acid, diabetes-obesity, Melaleuca leucadendron, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, Ursolic acid}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.178644}, author = {Azis Saifudin and Subehan Ab Lallo and Yasuhiro Tezuka} } @article {924, title = {Acaricidal effect of an isolate from Hoslundia opposita vahl against Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {September 2011}, pages = {185-188}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {185}, abstract = {

Background: Hoslundia opposita Vahl. (Lamiaceae), a common local shrub in Ghana, is traditionally known not only for its pharmacological benefits but also for its insecticidal properties. Its acaricidal property, however, has not been investigated. Objective: To test the acaricidal effects of the crude extract and fractions of H. opposita leaves as well as to isolate and characterize the acaricidal principles. Materials and Methods: The crude methanolic extract, pet. ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of the leaves of H. opposita were tested against the larvae of the cattle tick, Amblyomma variegatum, using the Larval Packet Test. A bioassay-guided isolation was carried out to identify the acaricidal principle obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction. Results: The active principle was characterised as ursolic acid, a triterpene previously isolated from the leaves of the same plant. The extract and fractions were less potent than the control, malathion (LC50 1.14 Χ 10 -4 mg/ml). Among the plant samples however the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest effect against the larvae (LC 50 5.74 Χ 10 -2 mg/ml), followed by the ethyl acetate fraction (LC50 8.10 Χ 10 -2 mg/ml). Ursolic acid, pet. ether and aqueous fractions however showed weak acaricidal effects with LC50 values of 1.13 mg/ml, 8.96 Χ 10 -1 mg/ml and 1.44 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Ursolic acid was not as potent as the crude methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from which it was isolated. The overall acaricidal effect of H. opposita may have been due to synergy with other principles having acaricidal properties.

}, keywords = {Acaricide, Larval Packet Test, ticks, Ursolic acid}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.85004}, author = {Kofi Annan and Nora Jackson and Rita A Dickson and George H Sam and Gustav Komlaga} }