@article {1191, title = {Additive Effects of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) in Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {819-830}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {819}, abstract = {

Introduction: Nowadays, fructose uses dramatically increased in form of High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) found in juices and packed food. Sustained fructose utilization is detrimental to long-term human health. Objectives: To assess the additive effects of HFCS during 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene (DMBA)-induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis (HBPCs) model. Materials and Methods: The animals were separated into eight groups: Group I; vehicle control; Group II (0.5\% DMBA); Group III and IV (HFCS 8\% and 25\%); Group V (Sucrose 10\%); Group VI and VII (0.5\% DMBA+HFCS 8 and 25\%) and VIII group (0.5\% DMBA+Sucrose 10\%) respectively for 14 weeks. After the 14th week of treatment; the tumor morphology, buccal histopathology, and biochemical markers were measured and compared with carcinogenic control as well as vehicle control. Observations and Results: The buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma after getting topical applications of 0.5\% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. Although DMBA treatment alone caused 100\% tumor development in hamsters, drinking water administration of HFCS at a concentration of 25\%/kg body weight (b.w.) to DMBA-treated hamster greatly accelerated the development of oral tumors. Additionally, during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis, HFCS moderatingly increased the lipid peroxidation by-products, decreased the status of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, modulated the levels of phase I and phase II detoxification agents, and favored the excretion of carcinogenic metabolite. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the additive effect of HFCS relies on its altered peroxidative and antioxidant function as well as effects on phase I and II detoxification enzymes during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Taken together the current study described that HFCS induced oral tumour development. From this study we suggested HFCS usage to be curtailed.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Detoxification enzymes, DMBA, Hamsters, HFCS, Lipid peroxidation, Oral cancer}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.087}, author = {Kavitha Kalimuthu and Sindhu Ganapathy and Balamurugan Elumalai and Asha Kumarasamypillai Radha Thayammal and Veeran Veeravarmal and Vijayalakshmi Annamalai} } @article {185, title = {Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Elucidation and in vitro Cell Line Studies (Sulforhodamine B) on Niosomal Gel of Benincasa hispida}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {342-351}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {342}, abstract = {

Background: The Cucurbitaceae family has been known for its presence of phytoconstituents, namely, lupeol, β-sitosterol, terpenoids, phenols, and proteins with therapeutic potential. Objectives: The research paper tries to focus on major therapeutic field of people demographic area of type of cancer. Soxhlet extraction of Benincasa hispida (BH) was carried out and crude extract was converted to powder. Niosomal gel was formulated after the optimization of drug concentration from the extract of Niosomal solution. Solution with maximum entrapment was selected for the preparation of gel. Gel was prepared by using different Carbopol grades and with comparison of different parameters. Gel was studied for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) evaluation for check toxicity. Biologic activity was analyzed by SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay with in vitro cell lines (human oral cancer cell line KB and Mus Musculus skin melanoma B16-F10). Results: Solution which was clear and white was selected for gel development. Carbopol 934 (1{\textquoteright}) as gelling agent showed good formulation properties. It was non-gritty, easily spreadable, and washable. The gel with maximum entrapment efficiency was evaluated further. GC-HRMS revealed 1.2-ethyl 2-Hexen-1-ol; 1,8-(3-Octyl-2-oxiranyl)-1-octanol; Dodecanoic acid, 2-penten-1-yl ester; Cholestane, 4, 5-epoxy-,(4α,5α); Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid; 17-octadecynoic acid; Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Methyl oleate; Tridecanoic acid, methyl ester; and Silane, dimethyl (2,3,6, tricholrophenoxy) heptadicycloxy. The selected cell lines did not show satisfactory activity at different concentrations in SRB assay. Conclusion: This research paper tried to witness the probable potential of BH for cancer with analytical base. Future studies may be undertaken at various stages and levels to further explore the potential of these families of plants.

}, keywords = {Benincasa hispida, Gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, Niosomal gel, Oral cancer, Sulforhodamine B}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_37_20}, author = {Gaurav Mahesh Doshi and Akanksha Dilip Badgujar and Ishan Sudhir Mathurvaishya} } @article {435, title = {Serum Total Aantioxidant Capacity in Oral Carcinoma Patients}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {June 2015}, pages = {184-187}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {184}, abstract = {

Context: Oxidative stress is a major determinant in carcinogenesis and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) indirectly reflects the level of oxidative stress. Although oral cancer is the third most frequent cancer in Indian population, there are no standard noninvasive marker for early detection and monitoring therapeutic response in oral cancer patients. Aims: This study was carried out to investigate implications of serum TAC in oral cancer by evaluating pre- and post-operative levels in oral cancer patients. Settings and Designs: It was a prospective single blinded study. Subjects and Methods: Serum TAC was measured using ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. Pre- and post-operative values were estimated and compared in 30 oral cancer patients who underwent surgery. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-operative values. Results: Compared to the normal value, both pre- and post-operative serum TAC were significantly low in oral cancer patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative levels. Conclusions: In this study, low mean serum TAC was detected in oral cancer patients. However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance in oral cancer needs further investigation.

}, keywords = {Cancer Marker, Oral cancer, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Total Antioxidant Capacity}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.150513}, author = {K. S. Rathan Shetty and Arunava Kali and K. S. Rachan Shetty} }