@article {1239, title = {A Comprehensive Study on Achyranthes aspera and Aesculus indica Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Activities of against Cisplatin Induced Rodent Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {315-323}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Aim: In our present research, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of HF1, HF2, and HF3 against liver and kidney damage induced by Cisplatin in Sprague Dawley rats. The ethanol fraction of the plant underwent initial phytochemical analysis followed by subsequent in vivo screenings. The findings from the phytochemical investigation indicated that HF2 demonstrated a more potent hepatoprotective and renal protective activity. Background: Anti-cancer medications have the potential to inflict harm on the liver and kidneys, underscoring the crucial need for hepatoprotection in safeguarding liver function. Among the elderly population, liver and kidney impairment account for 10\% of chronic hepatitis and renal failure cases. The decline induced by anti-cancer drugs has not been thoroughly assessed, partly due to its underestimation in clinical practice and challenges in making a precise diagnosis. While chemotherapeutic agents can induce liver toxicity through various mechanisms and lead to different types of liver and kidney injuries, they share the common trait of being both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Materials and Methods: The dried peels of Aesculus indica fruits and powdered leaves of Achyranthes aspera were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using 95\% ethanol. Rat will randomly into five groups (six rats per each group). cisplatin group will give a single injection of cisplatin (20 mg per Kg, i.p) on the first 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days. Hepatic function was assessed by measuring blood bilirubin, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transferase (SGOT), and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT). Blood tests were used to check the function of the liver and kidneys. Results: These results collectively suggest that HF1, HF2, and HF3 serve as a potential reservoir of novel secondary metabolites. Moreover, this study has laid the groundwork for future research in pharmacological studies, particularly in the development of potent biomedicine for the treatment of various chronic diseases. Conclusion: The current study has also proved the way for future pharmacological investigations, particularly with regard to all medications derived from the creation of powerful medicines for the management of various chronic conditions.

}, keywords = {Cisplatin, Hepatoprotective, Herbal formulation., nephroprotective}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.40}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Udichi Kataria and Shubham Anand} } @article {666, title = {Corrected and Republished: Comparative Botanical and Phytochemical Studies of Ambiguous Medicinal Plant Species of Wedelia and Eclipta (Fam. Asteraceae) Used in ASU Systems of Medicine with Special Reference to in-silico Screening of Hepatoprotective Pote}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {April 2021}, pages = {54-67}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {54}, abstract = {

Post the publication, as there were multiple corrections that were missed earlier, the article is being corrected and republished.

Comparative Botanical and Phytochemical Studies of Ambiguous Medicinal Plant Species of\ Wedelia\ and Eclipta (Fam. Asteraceae) Used in ASU Systems of Medicine with Special Reference to\ in-silico\ Screening of Hepatoprotective Potential of Marker Wedelolactone with Acetaminophen Targets.\ 

Context:\ In traditional medicine,\ Kesaraja\ (Ayurveda) or\ Manjal karisali\ (Siddha) is effective for jaundice.\ Aim:\ Three species of Asteraceae need to be studied for their therapeutic superiority of their intended claim. They are\ Wedelia chinensis\ (Osbeck) Merr. Philipp J.,\ Wedelia trilobata\ (L.) Hitchc. and\ Eclipta prostrata\ (L.) L. (Asteraceae). The present study aimed to screen and characterize the potential species for therapeutic purpose.\ Materials and Methods:\ The whole plants,\ W. chinensis\ (Osbeck) Merr.\ W. trilobata\ (L.) Hitchc. and\ E. prostrata\ (L.) (Asteraceae) were collected and botanically identified. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography finger printing with marker wedelolactone were done for the ethanolic extracts of these plants. Botanical and pharmacognostical diagnostic characters of the plants based on macro-morphological, micro-morphological and powder microscopical characterization were worked out. Comparative\ in-vitro\ antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of these plant species was carried out. Using ADMET SAR software, the pharmacokinetics of wedelolactone were predicted. Using Autodock 4.2 software, the binding energy of wedelolactone on targets of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity namely PPAR-α, AMPK, JNK-1, EGFR, Nrf2, ALT, ALP, GGT, CAR, Frizzled receptor, FXR, ERK1, LXR, mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase, p53, mTOR C1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, 5-lipoxygenase, thrombin, UCP1, GSK1, RXR and PXR was predicted.\ Results:\ All the three plant species were pharmacognostically and chemically different.\ W. chinensis\ was found to possess more antioxidant potential than the other two plants. The marker compound wedelolactone was not detected in\ W. trilobata.\ Wedelolactone passed the Lipinski{\textquoteright}s rule of five, and the docking analysis of wedelolactone confirmed high binding affinity toward PPAR-α, AMPK, Nrf2, CYP2E1, EGFR, JNK1, UCP-2, thrombin, 5-lipoxygenase, mTORC1, RXR, FXR, LXR, Frizzled receptor, GDH and Erk-1.\ Conclusion:\ Based on the above observations, we conclude that the presence of marker compound wedelolactone might have attributed the potency of\ W. chinensis\ and\ E. prostrata\ in counteracting acetaminophen toxicity when compared with\ W. trilobata.

}, keywords = {Binding energy, botanical standardization, chromatographic fingerprinting, Docking, Hepatoprotective, in silico prediction, Lipinski{\textquoteright}s rule, Siddha, Therapeutic superiority, Wedelolactone}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_11_21}, author = {C. Arunachalam and R. Arunadevi and S. Murugamma and N. Monika and R. Susila and K. N. Sunil Kumar} } @article {169, title = {Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Injury on Luffa acutangula (var.) Amara}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {278-284}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {278}, abstract = {

Objectives: To study the reversal effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury on the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Luffa acutangula var. amara in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The study included experimental mice groups in which pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and its prolongation by CCl4 is assessed by righting reflex and recovery time. Chronic liver injury was induced by oral administration of CCl4 and acute injury by a single intraperitoneal injection in experimental Wistar rats. Blood and liver specimens were used for analysis of enzymatic reactions. Results: It was noted that the mice groups treated with extracts decrease the sleeping time in and standard silymarin than the control group. Acute and chronic liver injury models showed increases in total protein and glutathione peroxidase, whereas there was a reduction in total bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphate level in extracts and standard silymarin-treated rats than control. Histopathological studies showed a significant reduction in inflammation, fatty change and gross necrosis in extracts and standard silymarin-treated animals than control. Conclusion: The study suggests that extracts of L. acutangula var. amara can be useful in treating acute and chronic hepatic injury.

}, keywords = {Aspartate aminotransferase, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Luffa acutangula, Silymarin, Wistar rats}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_113_19}, author = {E Prabhu Daniel and AR Vijayakumar and W Clement Atlee and R Ilavarasan and M Sivakumar} } @article {190, title = {Phytochemical and Pharmacological Screening of Begonia grandis Dryand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {375-379}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {375}, abstract = {

Begonia grandis Dryand (Family: Begoniaceae) was screened for its phytoconstituents and evaluated for its ethnomedicinal potential as an antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent. The preliminary phytochemical studies of the B. grandis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, and steroids. Antioxidant effect of the methanolic extract was assessed by DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and hepatoprotective effect by CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The extract showed significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects at a dose of 400 mg/kg similar to that observed in ascorbic acid and silymarin.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Begonia grandis, Begoniaceae, Ethnomedicinal, Hepatoprotective, Silymarin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_67_20}, author = {Srinivasarao Pendy and Krishna Nallamothu and Ganapaty Seru and Sunitha Katta and Sumanta Mondal} } @article {341, title = {Protective Effect of Combretum Hypopilinum Diels: Root Bark Extract against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {325-331}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {325}, abstract = {

Background: Combretum hypopilinum is used in Togolese traditional medicine to alleviate various ailments including hepatic disorders. Objective: This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activities of crude ethanolic extract of C. hypopilinum root bark (CECH) and its possible mechanism(s) of action in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH, Ferric-reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed using CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pretreated orally with different doses of CECH (200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days and were subjected to intraperitoneal single injection of CCl4 (1 mL/kg). Serum markers of hepatic damage, hepatic endogenous antioxidants, NO, TNF-α and lipid peroxidation contents were measured out. Results: The pretreatment with CECH significantly decreased levels of hepatic enzymes (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01, p \< 0.001) and MDA in pretreated rats (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01). CECH restored the decreased levels of hepatic antioxidants including SOD (p \< 0.01), CAT (p \< 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and GSH (p \< 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and significantly inhibited hepatic production of NO (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01). as well as the level of TNF-α (p \< 0.001) in pretreated rats. Protective effects of CECH were confirmed by histopathological examinations. CECH exhibited antioxidant in vitro and contains also total phenol and flavonoid. Conclusion: This study suggests that CECH protected the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Combretum hypopilinum, Hepatoprotective, Oxidative stress, Tumor necrosis factor-α}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_27_17}, author = {Kokou Idoh and Kossivi Dosseh and Tchazou Kpatcha and Amegnona Agbonon and Messanvi Gbeassor} } @article {401, title = {Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Fruit Rind Extract of Garcinia dulcis (Roxburgh) Kurz}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {July 2017}, pages = {266-272}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {266}, abstract = {

Background: Garcinia spp. belongs to the family Clusiaceae has been traditionally used for the treatment of many ailments including the liver damage. Garcinia dulcis found in North Eastern region of Assam; India can be a potential candidature to combat different ailments. Objective: The present work has been designed in such a way to appraisal the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of fruit rind extract of this plant. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity was investigated through the various in vitro models, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine, 2,2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, nitrite oxide. Phytochemical investigation for total phenolic and flavonoids contents were carried out by standard protocol. For the evaluation of hepatoprotective activity, albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups, five animals per group and activity was determined by measuring the contents of liver function marker enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and biochemical parameter, that is, Bilirubin and total protein. Histopathology observation of liver sections was conducted. Results: Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of both phenolic and flavonoid groups in the extract in a significant amount. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was observed in all models and percentage of inhibition was dose-dependent. Intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride, elevated the liver function enzymes, bilirubin, and suppressed the production of total protein. Pretreatment with the extract decreased the SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and bilirubin level significantly and increased the production level of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological observation supported the hepatoprotective potentiality of the extract. Conclusion: The results indicate that fruit rind part of G. dulcis is nontoxic and the plant can utilize as an antioxidant source. The plant has a protective agent for liver damages and other diseases caused by free radicals.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Free radicals, Garcinia dulcis, Hepatoprotective}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.210330}, author = {Nabajyoti Gogoi and Ankur Gogoi and Bijoy Neog and Dibyojyoti Baruah and Khumanthem Deepak Singh} } @article {560, title = {Pharmacological Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 Tablet in Carbon Tetrachloride-, Ethanol-, and Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Models in Wistar Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s41-s47}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s41}, abstract = {

Background: Hepatotoxicity ultimately leads to liver failure. Conventional treatment options for hepatotoxicity are limited and not safe. Objective: Formulation AHPL/AYTAB/0613 is developed to provide safer and effective hepatoprotective drug of natural origin. A study was conducted to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 (three dosages) in comparison with marketed formulations in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Three separate studies were conducted in models of CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Seven groups of animals were studied comparatively to evaluate the efficacy of AHPL/AYTAB/0613 in low, medium, and high dosage in comparison with silymarin and a marketed polyherbal formulation. The drugs were orally administered to rats for 10 days in CCl4 model and for 14 days in ethanol and paracetamol models. Animals were weighed periodically. After the study period, blood was tested for serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein levels. Liver tissue of sacrificed animals was examined histopathologically. Results: All the test formulations including all three dosages of AHPL/AYTAB/0613, significantly reduced levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, in CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity models. There was significant increase in total protein level in all the tested formulations. All the test formulations effectively preserved the structural integrity of the hepatocellular membrane and liver cell architecture damaged by CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol. When compared between groups, no statistically significant difference was observed. It can be concluded that AHPL/AYTAB/0613 possesses hepatoprotective activity in CCl4, ethanol, and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Conclusion: AHPL/AYTAB/0613 can be effectively used as a hepatoprotective agent in the management of hepatitis caused due to various toxins.

}, keywords = {AHPL/AYTAB/0613, Carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, Hepatoprotective, Paracetamol, Polyherbal}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_44_17}, author = {Sanjay U. Nipanikar and Sohan S. Chitlange and Dheeraj Nagore} } @article {556, title = {Pharmacological Screening of Trachyspermum ammi for Antihyperlipidemic Activity in Triton X-100 Induced Hyperlipidemia Rat Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s34-s40}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s34}, abstract = {

Background: Mortality rate is increasing due to cardiovascular problems throughout the world. These cardiac problems are directly associated with dyslipidemia. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract and methanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi at 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg, and 5 g/kg dose levels in rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 45 male albino rats were used and randomly divided into nine equal groups (n = 5). The lipid levels were increased after 24 h of single intraperitoneal injection of Triton X-100 (100 mg/kg) in rats. Aqueous and methanol extracts equivalent to 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg, and 5 g/kg were administered orally to the rats for 21 days. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2nd, 9th, 16th, and 23rd day by a direct cardiac puncture in Vacuette{\textregistered} heparin tubes. Serum was separated and then analyzed for lipid profile, liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) using standard diagnostic kits. Results: Results showed that extracts at 3 g/kg and 5 g/kg decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein concentration in serum. T. ammi also decreased LFT and RFT parameters at the end of the study. Conclusion: T. ammi possessed antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities along with hepato- and nephro-protective effects.

}, keywords = {Antihyperlipidemic effect, Hepatoprotective, Oxidative stress, Trachyspermum ammi}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_37_17}, author = {Uzma Saleem and Saba Riaz and Bashir Ahmad and Mohammad Saleem} } @article {753, title = {Evaluation of acute toxicity and hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea (Wight and Arn.) leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {April 2011}, pages = {40-43}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {40}, abstract = {

Background:D. cinerea\ are the chief source of drug compounds that are active against various ailments such as jaundice, inflammations rheumatism, fever, asthma, body ache, chest problems, toothache, ulcers, wounds, eye diseases and have an aphrodisiac property. In present study, It was aimed to test the hepatoprotective activity of the plant.\ Material and Methods:\ The methanolic extract of\ Dichrostachys cinerea\ (Mimoseae) leaves was subjected to evaluation of acute toxicity and hepatoprotective property, using albino mice and rats. The parameters for estimation of liver function, based on serum markers such as total bilirubin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase with histopathological profile of the liver tissue, were studied consequently.\ Results:\ The methanolic extract did not show any mortality up to a dose of 3500 mg/kg body weight. The methanolic extract showed significant hepatoprotectivity. The histopathological profile of the drug-treated liver tissue demonstrated similar morphology as that of controls.\ Conclusions:\ Methanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea was found to have significant hepatoprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, carbon tetrachloride induced, Dichrostachys cinerea, Hepatoprotective}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.79114}, author = {P Suresh Babu and V Krishna and KR Maruthi and K Shankarmurthy and Ramesh K Babu} } @article {719, title = {Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum alcoholic leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Albino rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {April 2011}, pages = {13-18}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {13}, abstract = {

Background:\ There is a lack of reliable hepatoprotective drugs in modern medicine to prevent and treat drug-induced liver damage. Leaves of Sacred/Holy Basil, i.e. Green Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), belonging to family Lamiaceae are used traditionally for their hepatoprotective effect. We wanted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of\ Ocimum sanctum and observe whether synergistic hepatoprotection exists with silymarin.\ Materials andMethods:\ Albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into five groups. Groups A and B were normal and experimental controls, respectively. Groups C, D and E received the alcoholic extract of\ Ocimum Sanctum\ leaves (OSE) 200 mg/kg BW/day, silymarin 100 mg/kg BW/day and OSE 100 mg/kg BW/day + silymarin 50 mg/kg BW/day p.o., respectively, for 10 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Groups B, C, D and E on the eighth day with paracetamol 2 g/kg BW/day. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by performing an assay of the serum proteins, albumin globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases and liver histopathology. The assay results were presented as mean and standard error of mean (SEM) for each group. The study group was compared with the control group by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferoni{\textquoteright}s test. A\ P-value of \<0.01 was considered significant.\ Results:\ In groups C, D and E, liver enzymes and albumin globulin ratio were significantly (P\ \< 0.01) closer to normal than in group B. Reduction in sinusoidal congestion, cloudy swelling and fatty changes and regenerative areas of the liver were observed on histopathological examination in groups C, D and E, whereas group B showed only hepatic necrosis.\ Conclusion:\ The Ocimum sanctum alcoholic leaf extract shows significant hepatoprotective activity and synergism with silymarin.

}, keywords = {Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Ocimum sanctum, Paracetamol, Silymarin}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.79110}, author = {Kingshuk Lahon and Swarnamoni Das} } @article {746, title = {Protective Effect of Stem Bark of Ceiba pentandra linn. against Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {March 2010}, pages = {26-30}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {26}, abstract = {

The present study reports protective activity of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. The ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) was administered orally to the rats with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (3 gm/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as positive control. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of ethyl acetate fraction revealed presence of its major chemical constituents. A significant (P \< 0.05) reduction in serum enzymes GOT (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), GPT alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin content and histopathological screening in the rats treated gave indication that ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra possesses hepatoprotective potential against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

}, keywords = {Ceiba pentandra, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Paracetamol}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.60584}, author = {Nirmal K Bairwa and Neeraj K Sethiya and SH Mishra} } @article {735, title = {Anti-hepatotoxicity Effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury in Rats by Enhancing Hepatic GST Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {53-58}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

The present study was undertaken to assess the sub-chronic (14-day treatment) effect of oral administration of O. stamineus on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes and the protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Healthy male SD rats weighing 200 g {\textpm} 10 g were used throughout the experiments. Isolated hepatocytes and liver cytosolic fraction were used to examine the effect of O. stamineus on the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase and glutathione-S-transferase respectively. Hepatoprotective effect of O. stamineus was judged by comparing the serum levels of hepatic markers, i.e. AST, ALT and ALP and the percentage of hepatocytes viability between O. stamineus treatment groups and acetaminophen (APAP) control group. O. stamineus extract at 125 mg/kg (P\<0.01) and 500 mg/kg (P\<0.01) exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect by restoring the elevation of serum levels of AST and ALT and increased the percentage of hepatocytes viability in rats. The hepatoprotective effect exhibited by O. stamineus at dose 500 mg/kg was comparable to silymarin at dose 20 mg/kg in acetaminophen-induced liver injury rats. The activity of GST was 17\% higher in the rats treated with 500 mg/kg (P\<0.01) of O. stamineus compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in body weigh gained, food consumption, water intake and relative organ weight between the treatment group and the control group. Methanol extract of O. stamineus protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats by enhancing the activity of GST in liver.

}, keywords = {Acetaminophen, Glutathione-S-transferase, Hepatoprotective, Orthosiphon stamineus, Serum enzymes}, doi = {Nil}, author = {J.H. Chin and A.H. Hussin and S. Ismail} }