@article {149,
	title = {Suppression of Polyps Formation by Saffron Extract in Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ Mice},
	journal = {Pharmacognosy Research},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2019},
	month = {February 2019},
	pages = {98-101},
	type = {Short Communication},
	chapter = {98},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been used both as a food additive for flavoring and coloring and in traditional medicine. Saffron extract and its main component crocin decrease the growth of several types of human cancer, including colorectal cancer in vitro. Numerous polyps develop in the small intestine in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) deficiency mice. ApcMin/+ mice are models for human familial adenomatous polyposis and human colon cancer patients. In this study, we examined the efficacy of saffron extract added to diet on reducing the polyp density in ApcMin/+ mice. ApcMin/+ mice were either given a placebo or saffron extract (0.1\% and 0.5\%) diet for 4 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, intestines were analyzed for polyp number in the small intestine. Our analysis confirmed that crocin (1), crocin-2 (2), and crocin-4 (4) are the major compounds in the saffron extract and the content of 1 in the tested saffron extract was 29.2\%. Saffron extract decreased the number of intestinal polyps in a concentration-dependent manner in ApcMin/+ mice. Notably, the number of polyps in the distal small intestine of the mice fed with 0.5\% saffron extract was significantly decreased compared with the placebo. These results indicate that saffron extract can reduce the polyp number in the ApcMin/+ mice.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adenomatous polyposis coliMin/+ mice, Crocin, Crocus sativus, Intestinal polyps, Saffron},
	doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_152_18},
	author = {Kyoko Fujimoto and Tomoe Ohta and Hitomi Yamaguchi and Nguyen Huu Tung and Gen Fujii and Michihiro Mutoh and Takuhiro Uto and Yukihiro Shoyama}
}
@article {708,
	title = {Anticarcinogenic Effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its Ingredients},
	journal = {Pharmacognosy Research},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2014},
	month = {March,2014},
	pages = {99-107},
	type = {Review article},
	chapter = {99},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Conventional and newly emerging treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, catalytic therapy, photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy have not succeeded in reversing the outcome of cancer diseases to any drastic extent, which has led researchers to investigate alternative treatment options. The extensive repertoire of traditional medicinal knowledge systems from various parts of the world are being re-investigated for their healing properties Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, is the raw material for one of the most expensive spice in the world, and it has been used in folk medicine for centuries . Chemical analysis has shown the presence of more than 150 components in saffron stigmas. The more powerful components of saffron are crocin, crocetin and safranal. Studies in animal models and with cultured human malignant cell lines have demonstrated antitumor and cancer preventive activities of saffron and its main ingredients, possible mechanisms for these activities are discussed. More direct evidence of anticancer effectiveness of saffron as chemo-preventive agent may come from trials that use actual reduction of cancer incidence as the primary endpoint. This review discusses recent literature data and our results on the cancer chemopreventive activities of saffron and its main ingredients.</p>
},
	keywords = {Anticarcinogenic effect, Its ingredients, Saffron},
	doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.128963},
	author = {Saeed Samarghandian and Abasalt Borji}
}
