@article {341, title = {Protective Effect of Combretum Hypopilinum Diels: Root Bark Extract against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {325-331}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {325}, abstract = {

Background: Combretum hypopilinum is used in Togolese traditional medicine to alleviate various ailments including hepatic disorders. Objective: This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activities of crude ethanolic extract of C. hypopilinum root bark (CECH) and its possible mechanism(s) of action in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH, Ferric-reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed using CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pretreated orally with different doses of CECH (200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days and were subjected to intraperitoneal single injection of CCl4 (1 mL/kg). Serum markers of hepatic damage, hepatic endogenous antioxidants, NO, TNF-α and lipid peroxidation contents were measured out. Results: The pretreatment with CECH significantly decreased levels of hepatic enzymes (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01, p \< 0.001) and MDA in pretreated rats (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01). CECH restored the decreased levels of hepatic antioxidants including SOD (p \< 0.01), CAT (p \< 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and GSH (p \< 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and significantly inhibited hepatic production of NO (p \< 0.05, p \< 0.01). as well as the level of TNF-α (p \< 0.001) in pretreated rats. Protective effects of CECH were confirmed by histopathological examinations. CECH exhibited antioxidant in vitro and contains also total phenol and flavonoid. Conclusion: This study suggests that CECH protected the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Combretum hypopilinum, Hepatoprotective, Oxidative stress, Tumor necrosis factor-α}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_27_17}, author = {Kokou Idoh and Kossivi Dosseh and Tchazou Kpatcha and Amegnona Agbonon and Messanvi Gbeassor} } @article {142, title = {Participation of Cytokines, Opioid, and Serotoninergic Systems on Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Simira grazielae Peixoto (Rubiaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {51-59}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {51}, abstract = {

Background: Simira grazielae P. is widely found at Brazil. S. grazielae have been used to treat pain and inflammation in the Northeast of Brazil. Objective: This study investigated the mechanisms of the extract and partitions using pharmacological techniques in mice. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss mice (20{\textendash}22 g) were used in models of pain (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail-flick tests) and inflammation (edema paw and air pouch tests) as well as in model for the evaluation of motor activity (open field test). Furthermore, we evaluate the probable action mechanism of S. grazielae using naloxone, L-nitro-arginine methyl ester, L-arginine, glibenclamide, atropine, 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine, and ondansetron in tail-flick test. The cytokines production was also evaluated. The methanolic extract from the S. grazielae and its partitions were administered orally at doses of 10{\textendash}100 mg/kg. Results: Methanolic extract from the wood of S. grazielae (SGM) and its partitions showed antinociceptive properties in models of acute pain (SGM and ethyl acetate partition [SGMAc]) as well as in models of inflammation (dichloromethane partition [SGMD]). Prior administration of ondansetron and naloxone reduced the antinociceptive effect of SGMAc. SGMD reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced by carrageenan. Conclusion: The results show that the anti-inflammatory activity showed by SGMD involves to reduction of the TNF-α, and the antinociceptive activity showed by SGMAc has relation to participation of the serotoninergic receptors and opioid system. These evidence justify the popular therapeutic use of this species in the control of pain and inflammation.

}, keywords = {Extract, Nociception, opioids, Serotoninergic system, Tumor necrosis factor-α}, doi = {Background: Simira grazielae P. is widely found at Brazil. S. grazielae have been used to treat pain and inflammation in the Northeast of Brazil. Objective: This study investigated the mechanisms of the extract and partitions using pharmacological techniq}, author = {Gabriela Carmelinda Martins dos Santos and Mirza Nalesso Gomes Sanches and Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves and M{\'a}rio Geraldo de Carvalho and Raimundo Braz-Filho and Bruno Guimar{\~a}es Marinho} }