@article {138, title = {Effects of the Mint Monoterpene (R)-(+)-pulegone Evaluated by Functional Observational Battery: A Potential Short Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {31-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Background: Pulegone (PUL) is one of the major constituents of peppermint and pennyroyal. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the early effects of toxicity of PUL. Materials and Methods: We assessed single doses of toxicity of PUL (2, 0.3 and 0.05 g/kg body weight), administrated by gavage in C57BL/6 mice, evaluated at 1, 6, and 24 h, their clinical status and behavioral, by functional observational battery (FOB), ambulatory conditions, sperm motility, pathological signs, and organ/body weight (O/Bw). Results: No mortality was registered in this in vivo study of oral acute toxicity, in which histological changes were found in selected organs, and PUL mainly showed that the highest concentration reduced mice locomotor activity with significant differences when compared with data of the FOB. Sperm motility also diminished, and hepatic as well as renal alterations were found without modifications in clinical status and O/Bw. Conclusions: We concluded that PUL could be responsible for these findings and consider that FOB is a useful tool to detect early signs of modifications of physiological and biological parameters in mice.

}, keywords = {Central nervous system, Functional observational battery, pulegone, Reproduction, Terpenes}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_115_18}, author = {Yesica P. Zaio and Marco M. Mazzotta and Agripina Ram{\'\i}rez S{\'a}nchez and Elisa Alejandrina Gomez and Mar{\'\i}a Paula Zunino and Andr{\'e}s Alberto Ponce} } @article {275, title = {Effects of the Mint Monoterpene (R)-(+)-Pulegone Evaluated by Functional Observational Battery: A Potential Short Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {31-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Background: Pulegone (PUL) is one of the major constituents of peppermint and pennyroyal. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the early effects of toxicity of PUL. Materials and Methods: We assessed single doses of toxicity of PUL (2, 0.3 and 0.05 g/kg body weight), administrated by gavage in C57BL/6 mice, evaluated at 1, 6, and 24 hr, their clinical status and behavioral, by functional observational battery (FOB), ambulatory conditions, sperm motility, pathological signs, and organ/body weight (O/Bw). Results: No mortality was registered in this in vivo study of oral acute toxicity, in which histological changes were found in selected organs, and PUL mainly showed that the highest concentration reduced mice locomotor activity with significant differences when compared with data of the FOB. Sperm motility also diminished, and hepatic as well as renal alterations were found without modifications in clinical status and O/Bw. Conclusion: We concluded that PUL could be responsible for these findings and consider that FOB is a useful tool to detect early signs of modifications of physiological and biological parameters in mice.

}, keywords = {Central nervous system, Functional observational battery, pulegone, Reproduction, Terpenes.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_115_18}, author = {esica P. Zaio and Marco M. Mazzotta and Agripina Ram{\'\i}rez S{\'a}nchez and Elisa Alejandrina Gomez and Mar{\'\i}a Paula Zunino and Andr{\'e}s Alberto Ponce} } @article {688, title = {Effect of Standardized Aqueous Extract of Withania Somniferaon Tests of Cognitive and Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Human Participants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {December 2014}, pages = { 12-18}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {12-18}, abstract = {

Background: Withania somnifera is an herbal medicine that has been known to possess memory-enhancing properties. The current study involved an assessment of cognitive and psychomotor effects of Withania somnifera extract in healthy human participants. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, multi-dose, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 20 healthy male participants were randomized to receive 250 mg two capsules twice daily of an encapsulated dried aqueous extract of roots and leaves of Withania somnifera or a matching placebo for a period of 14 days. Cognitive and psychomotor performance was assessed pre-dose (day 1) and at 3 hrs post-dose on day 15 using a battery of computerized psychometric tests. After a washout period of 14 days, the subjects crossed-over to receive the other treatment for a further period of 14 days as per prior randomization schedule. Same battery of test procedures were performed to assess cognitive and psychomotor performance. Results: Significant improvements were observed in reaction times with simple reaction, choice discrimination, digit symbol substitution, digit vigilance, and card sorting tests with Withania somnifera extract compared to placebo. However, no effect can be seen with the finger tapping test. Conclusion: These results suggest that Withania somnifera extract can improve cognitive and psychomotor performance and may, therefore, be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of diseases associated with cognitive impairment.

}, keywords = {Central nervous system, Psychometric tests, Withania somnifera extract}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.122912}, author = {Usharani Pingali and Raveendranadh Pilli and Nishat Fatima} }