@article {1345, title = {In silico Exploration of Gmelina asiatica for Multitarget Neuroprotection in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {115-125}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {115}, abstract = {

Background: Gmelina asiatica, commonly known as Asian Bushbeach, has traditionally been used for neurological disorders. Objective: To identify the phytoconstituents activity in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease through in silico approach. Materials and Methods: The following targets AChE, BACE1, GSK-3, and TACE1 were selected based on AD pathophysiology for in silico studies. The listed phytoconstituents were docked and MD simulations were carried out using Auto Dock and Desmond-maestro, respectively. Further, DFT studies were performed using Gaussview software. Results: Among all listed ligands, isorhoifolin was identified as the most effective compound based on binding scores of AChE (-10.9 kcal/mol), BACE1 (-10.2 kcal/mol), GSK-3 (-9.7 kcal/mol), and TACE1 (-9 kcal/mol). Further, molecular dynamics simulations of BACE1-isorhoifolin and AChE-isorhoifolin complexes demonstrated stability for up to 200 ns. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies indicated isorhoifolin have energy gap of -0.162 eV along with that electrostatic potential surface map indicates its good reactivity and charge distribution. Additionally, ADMET analysis confirmed that isorhoifolin have drug-likeness properties and safe for human biological system. Conclusion: These study findings suggest that isorhoifolin from Gmelina asiatica may have potential anti-Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s activity meriting further biological evaluations.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, DFT, G. asiatica, Isorhoifolin, Molecular dynamics, Multitargeted approach}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251950}, author = {Komal Rajesh Andarghiske and Kancharla Bhanukiran and Rasha Ksirri and Siva Hemalatha} } @article {1412, title = {Mechanistic Role of Phytophenolic Acids in the Management of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {416-426}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {416}, abstract = {

Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) or dementia, is a brain illness, which is chronic and non-reversible and is related to advanced memory loss, cognitive decline and altered behaviour. Current treatments including synthetic agents mostly have an effect of only providing relief to the patient without treating the root cause of disease. Though synthetic drugs available for the treatment but are only few and are associated side effects. A better alternate will be the traditionally used herbal drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites in plants and current evidence indicates that they can be useful in the treatment of AD because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The present review explores the multifaceted functions of phenolic acid which include neutralizing Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS), preventing amyloid-beta aggregation, reducing hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and modulating neuro-inflammation. Several phenolic acids such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, etc. Have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in various preclinical studies. The mode of action phenolic acids can be identified to produce better and more attuned treatments. Similarly, the synergistic effect exerted by phenolic acid when combined with other medical agents will enhance the potential efficacy of other drugs. In conclusion, the present review is an attempt at extensive and elaborated information regarding phytophenolic acids, with significant promise in fighting AD based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties as a multi-faceted approach to the complex pathology in AD.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Amyloid-beta, Cognitive decline, Neuroprotection, Phenolic acids, Tau protein}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250001}, author = {Abhishek Pete Nagaraj and Annegowda Hardur Venkatappa and Jayashree Kallukombari Ramakrishna and Purushotham Karadigere Nagaraju and Bevinahalli Ramesh and Noor ul Eain} } @article {1438, title = {Phytoflavonoids-A Future Perspective for the Therapeutic Potential of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {788-795}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {788}, abstract = {

Millions of people suffer from the neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) worldwide. Due to their complex pathology, no effective pharmacological treatment has been found to date, despite extensive research. Developing new, effective therapeutic agents to cure these disease remains a major challenge. Although the cause of AD remains apparent, numerous studies indicates that oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation lead to neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and play vital role in AD morbidity and progression. Flavonoids, which are found widely in nature, exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutative, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective properties, so have potential to treat these two kinds of disease. In this review, we focus on the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective action of flavonoids in attenuating Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, and how they might be harnessed in the development of new pharmacological agents to treat these diseases. Some Flavonoids compounds Quercetin, Rutin, hesperidin, Naringinin, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, displayed to be effective in AD. Considerable studies have demonstrated the anti-AD effects of flavonoids through various in vitro and in vivo models. However, more rigorous studies are needed to be done for flavonoids to develop into effective drugs and apply them to clinical practice.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Flavonoids, Neuroprotective, Quercetin, Rutin}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252213}, author = {Karthigadevi Kamalakannan and Shanmuganathan Seetharaman and Anbazhagan Sockalingam and K Reeta VijayaRani and Kavimani Subramanian} }