@article {1230, title = {Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profiling of Morinda pubescence Extract as Potential Agent for Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s and Diabetes Mellitus Dual Therapy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {254-263}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {254}, abstract = {

Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that metabolic disturbances associated with the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are recognized to be linked with brain atrophy as well as the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD). Therefore, development of multi-targeted agents found to be one of the best options to combat co-occurring disorders like DM and AD concurrently. These enthused us to investigate the potency of M. pubescence against Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), α-Glucosidase and β-Glucosidase enzymes, important pathological targets of AD and DM. Objectives: In this study, methanolic extract (MPM) and its derived fractions of Morinda pubescence were assessed for their capacities to inhibit target enzymes AChE, BuChE and α- and β- glucosidases and the active fraction was also screened for its phytoconstituents. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract (MPM) and chloroform fraction (MPC) were evaluated for their inhibitory capacities against AChE and BuChE, and α- and β-glucosidases besides kinetic analysis of inhibition using methods of Elmann and Shibano, respectively. Antioxidant ability was estimated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotective abilities were tested by the MTT assay using human nueroblastoma cell lines. Phytochemical screening was done with the aid of spectrophotometric methods. Results: The MPC of titled plant had prominent inhibitory potencies against AChE, BuChE, α- and β-glucosidase enzymes. Kinetic study inferred the pattern of inhibition as mixed. Significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found for MPC (86.95{\textpm}1.9 mg TE/g and 3.6{\textpm}0.1mg AAE/g). In MTT assay, the active MPC fraction disclosed remarkable cell viability and neuroprotective abilities in SK-N-SH cells. Phytochemical profiling showed that the fraction MPC had highest amount of flavonoids (41.9{\textpm}1.8 mg RE/g dry matter) and phenolics (85.5{\textpm}0.98 mg GAE/g dry matter) and had the significant impact on enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results provided valuable evidence for the potential of chloroform fractions of methanolic extract of M. pubescence as prospective material for further development of multifunctional agents to control both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Disease (AD) simultaneously.

}, keywords = {Anticholinesterase, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Morinda pubescence, Neuroprotective., Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.32}, author = {Raveendra Babu Zinka and Mohan Penumala and Jeelan Basha Shaik and Yelamanda Rao Kandrakonda and Sree Lakshmi Mothukuru and Verri Krishna Priya and Siddhartha Eadlapalli and Ramakrishna Vadde and Gangaiah Damu Amooru} } @article {1143, title = {HPLC-DAD Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antidiabetic and Anti-quorum Sensing Properties of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola) and Kolanut (Cola acuminata)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {February 2023}, pages = {373-383}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {373}, abstract = {

Background: Eating Cola acuminata and Garcinia cola nuts in African societies symbolizes in socio-cultural hospitality. They stimulate the nervous system, reduce fatigue and sleep. Objectives: To determine the phenolic composition and bioactivities of G. kola and C. acuminata. Materials and Methods: Hydro-ethanol extracts of the nuts were prepared and their phenolic profiles determined using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties were determined. Results: The most abundant phenolic compound was caffeic acid (105.4{\textpm}0.75 mg/g) in C. acuminata and myricetin (277.2{\textpm}0.90 mg/g) in G. kola. The extracts showed good antioxidant activity in five complementary assays and G. kola was more active than both α-tocopherol and BHA standards in the DPPH{\textbullet}, CUPRAC and ABTS{\textbullet}+ assays while C. acuminata was more active than only the α-tocopherol standard in the same assays. Activities were close to those of standards in the β-Carotene-linoleic acid and metal chelation assays. Both extracts had good inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values 63.27{\textpm}0.98 μg/mL and 94.15{\textpm}1.05 μg/mL for C. acuminata and G. kola respectively compared to 5.50{\textpm}0.25 μg/mL for galantamine in the AChE assay. In the BChE assay, the inhibitory activity was higher for G. kola (IC50 = 38.66{\textpm}0.80 μg/ mL) that the standard galantamine (IC50 = 42.20{\textpm}0.48 μg/mL) while that for C. acuminata (IC50 = 87.31{\textpm}0.77 μg/mL) was moderate. The extracts inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase with G. kola (IC50=18.43{\textpm}0.74 μg/mL) being more active than standard acarbose (IC50=20.52{\textpm}0.84 μg/mL in the α-glucosidase assay. The nuts could inhibit expression of virulence factors in Chomobacterium violaceum CV12472 by disrupting violacein production and flagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 by disrupting swarming motility. Conclusion: The results indicate good nutraceutical potential of both nuts.

}, keywords = {Anticholinesterase, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Cola acuminata, Garcinia kola, Quorum-sensing inhibition.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.2.040}, author = {Sameh Boudiba and Selcuk Kucukaydin and Alfred Ngenge Tamfu and Kom Blaise and Aristide Mfifen Munvera and Yasmine Arab and Ozgur Ceylan and Rodica Mihaela Dinica} }