@article {1260, title = {Pharmacognostical Studies on Seeds of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. F.) Boj. and its Market Adulteration Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. Ex Corr{\^e}a}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {495-507}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {495}, abstract = {

Background: The seeds of Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj. (Syn.: A. speciosa (L.f.) Sweet., Convolvulaceae) is the source of Vriddhadaru of Ayurveda and Samudrappachai of Siddha. The seeds are used in Indian systems of medicine for rejuvenating, as an aphrodisiac, hypotensive, spasmolytic, antidiabetic, antiviral, antifertility, antibacterial and diuretic drug. The dried seeds of Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr{\^e}a (Malvaceae) is Parisha/Kapitana according to Ayurveda and Puvarasu in Siddha. The latter is used instead of seeds of A. nervosa due to similar appearance. Objectives: A comparative study has been executed to identify the official source drugs by carrying out Pharmacognostical studies, for dried seeds of A. nervosa and T. populnea. Materials and Methods: The Macro-microscopic characterization and TLC/HPTLC profiling were carried out by appropriate methods published by standard books/Pharmacopoeias. Results: Observations were documented comparatively so that surface characters of testa and embryo; transverse section of testa, cotyledon, radicle and powder microscopy can be used as diagnostic features to differentiate the two sources. The TLC/HPTLC profile of ethanolic extract of two species provides a suitable method for monitoring identity, purity and also standardisation of these drugs in formulations. Conclusion: The results will help in differentiating these plant drugs and authentication/identification of the crude drug/raw drug standardization of the single drug or as a powder form, even when added to a formulation these drugs containing as ingredients.

}, keywords = {Baby wood-rose, Market adulteration, Powder microscopy, Seed anatomy, Vriddhadaru}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.60}, author = {Sundharamoorthy Susikumar and Govindarajan Nartunai and Koppala Narayanan Sunil Kumar and Thatipelli Sujith and Ramachandran Shakila and Raju Ilavarasan} } @article {1131, title = {Macro-microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fruit}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {February 2023}, pages = {277-287}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {277}, abstract = {

Background: Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Family Leguminosae) is a large annual or perennial climber with a terete glabrous stem, native to Indo-Malaysian and also distributed in tropical, subtropical regions. C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC. is generally confused with another closely related species i.e. C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC (Jack bean). The tender pods of both the above species have close similarity in morphology, especially shape and size of fruit, therefore it is difficult to differentiate on their vegetative and also fruiting stages. The plant C. ensiformis mentioned as a synonym of C. gladiata in many of the earlier literature though they are 2 different taxa. Some authors published different colour seeds in the name of C. gladiata. It is doubtful if C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC. or C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC was studied during that analysis. Objectives: A systematic pharmacognostical study has been executed to identify the correct botanical source. Materials and Methods: All the studies were carried out by standard procedures in Pharmacopoeias and other authentic literature. Results: Macroscopically surface characters followed by odour and taste, anatomically TS of the pericarp, plecenta, testa, cotyledon and radical, powder microscopically epidermal cells with stomata and prismatic crystal cystolith, trichomes, testa palisade cells, sclereids with different shape and size, brownish content, starch grains, tracheids, fibres and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are the unique diagnostic characters observed. HPTLC with different spots having unique Rf values in the pericarp, testa, cotyledon and seeds will be helpful for critical identification of the species. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will be helpful in the identification and differentiation of related species as the whole drug or in powder form.

}, keywords = {Jack bean, Seed anatomy, Sword bean, Vegetable Crude Drug.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.2.030}, author = {Susikumar Sundharamoorthy and Gokula Kannan Sundharamoorthy and Achintya Kumar Mandal and Shakila Ramachandran and Senthilvel Govindaraju and Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayanan} }