@article {1433, title = {Extraction and Quantification of Allicin: A Bioactive Component of Allium sativum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {728-739}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {728}, abstract = {

Allicin, a bioactive compound found in garlic, exhibits remarkable pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Its therapeutic potential has garnered substantial attention, leading to efforts to refine extraction and quantification methods for precise analysis in garlic-based products. This review examines advanced techniques for allicin extraction from garlic, including Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Supercritical Water Extraction (SCWE), and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). UAE employs ultrasonic waves to improve mass transfer and solvent penetration, optimizing allicin yield while reducing extraction time. SCWE utilizes the unique properties of water above its critical point to extract allicin efficiently and selectively, providing an eco-friendly alternative. MAE uses microwave energy to rapidly heat solvents, enhancing allicin extraction through improved penetration and dissolution. Alongside these extraction methods, this review highlights analytical techniques for allicin quantification, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. HPLC offers exceptional sensitivity and specificity for splitting and measuring allicin in complex matrices, making it invaluable for accurate pharmacokinetic studies and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. HPTLC offers quick screening with minimal sample preparation, ideal for routine investigation and batch testing of garlic extracts. UV spectroscopy, a cost-effective technique, detects allicin through its characteristic absorption spectra, enabling quick evaluations of garlic product quality and stability. This review consolidates recent advancements in allicin extraction and quantification techniques, emphasizing their applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food sectors. Future research aims to optimize extraction parameters to maximize allicin yield and develop robust analytical methods to address the growing demand for quality assurance and therapeutic efficacy in garlic-based products.

}, keywords = {Allicin, Extraction, Garlic, Quantification}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252211}, author = {Dhanya B. Sen and Deven K. Parmar and Ashim Kumar Sen and Rajesh A. Maheshwari and Aarti S. Zanwar and Krupa Joshi and Shaileshkumar K. Koradia} } @article {1088, title = {Awareness of Natural Herbs{\textquoteright} Effect on Blood Pressure among the Western Region of Saudi Arabia Population: A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {461-467}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {461}, abstract = {

Background: Knowledge of potential interaction between herb-drug is essential to reduce both the risk of serious medical disorders such as life-threatening arrhythmia and uncontrolled blood pressure and the increased healthcare cost, because of treating these complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the western Saudi population{\textquoteright}s knowledge of potential interaction between herbal preparations containing Garlic, Ginger, Cinnamon, or Liquorice when concurrently administered with conventional hypotensive therapy. The secondary aim was to explore the source of information about herbal medicine use. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2021 to February 2021 and involved Saudi Arabia{\textquoteright}s population from the western region. The study involved 164 participants by stratified random sampling. Results: The commonly used herbs among the western Saudi population included Garlic (44\%), Ginger (23\%), Cinnamon (13\%), Liquorice (3\%), and others (13\%). Approximately 45.1\% of herb user was based on advice from friends or relatives, 38.4\% were based on online information, and 16.5\% were based on medical resources. Our study showed that 70.7\% of the herb users weren{\textquoteright}t asked by their physicians about using herbal medicine, also 86.6\%\% weren{\textquoteright}t asked by their pharmacists. Conclusion: The study showed a low percentage of awareness of the potential effect of herbal medicines on blood pressure, and their potential interaction with conventional therapies. The study highlighted the low percentage of healthcare providers, who ask their patients about herbal medicine use before prescribing any new medication.

}, keywords = {Cinnamon, Drug interaction, Garlic, Ginger, Herbal medicine, Hypertension, Knowledge, Liquorice, Pharmacist, Physician}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.67}, author = {Afnan Bahha and Aeshah Habib and Awsaf Alluqmani and Afnan Alqurashi and Ahlam Alotaibi and Yosra Al-Hindi and Arwa Fairaq} }