@article {1532, title = {Phytochemical Profiling and Standardization of Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati Using Physicochemical Parameters and HPTLC}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {November 2025}, pages = {1-7}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background: Punarnavastak Kwath, a classical Ayurvedic decoction described in the Bhaishajya Ratnavali, is renowned for its efficacy in managing Udara Roga (abdominal disorders) and Shotha Roga (oedema). To enhance patient compliance, this formulation is transformed into a concentrated tablet known as Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati (PAKG), prepared without any excipients. Despite extensive traditional use, scientific validation of PAKG through contemporary analytical techniques remains necessary to ensure consistent therapeutic effectiveness and quality control. Purpose: The present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of PAKG through organoleptic examination, physico-chemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: The formulation was prepared as per the guidelines stipulated in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Organoleptic characteristics (colour, taste, odour), along with moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, and extractive values (aqueous and alcoholic), were systematically assessed. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted to detect major bioactive groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. Furthermore, HPTLC profiling was performed to identify and quantify specific phytochemical constituents, documenting characteristic retention factor (Rf) values essential for establishing reproducible quality standards. Results: The analysis revealed consistent physico-chemical parameters indicative of formulation stability and quality. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active constituents, reinforcing traditional claims. HPTLC analysis provided reproducible fingerprints, enabling precise standardization of PAKG. Conclusion: This integrative scientific evaluation effectively bridges traditional Ayurvedic knowledge and contemporary analytical validation, ensuring therapeutic consistency, enhancing credibility, and facilitating wider acceptance of Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati in modern healthcare practice.

}, keywords = {Ayurvedic formulation, HPTLC fingerprinting, Physico-chemical analysis, Phytochemical screening, Punarnavastak Kwath Ghanvati, Standardization.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20260057}, author = {Dixit Donga and Hemant Toshikhane and Harish Daga and Dhairyjeetsinh Gohil} } @article {1221, title = {Macro-Microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Argyreia sericea Dalzell}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {357-366}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {357}, abstract = {

Background: Argyreia sericea Dalzell (Convolvulaceae) is a densely hirsute stout climbing shrub found throughout the dry deciduous forests of India. A. sericea is morphologically related to Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer and Argyreia involucrata C.B.Clarke which are used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various diseases. As related species look similar in dried form. Objectives: A macro-microscopic and HPTLC study was planned on whole plant parts of A. sericea to analyze key distinguishing characters. Materials and Methods: Standard pharmacopoeial procedures were employed to obtain all the results of the study. Results: Surface characters, odour and taste; transverse section of leaf, stem, root and stomata of epidermal cells, cluster crystal, trichomes, mesophyll tissue, laticiferous content, brownish content, fibres, starch grains, tracheids, fibres tracheids, pitted vessels with scalariform perforation along with pitted, spiral and annular thickening are the unique diagnostic characters observed. Fingerprint profile with unique Rf obtained by HPTLC will aid in correct identification of the species. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will be helpful in identification and differentiation from related species as whole drug or in powder from.

}, keywords = {Bidhara, Controversial drugs, Monograph, Pharmacognosy, Plant anatomy, Standardization.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.45}, author = {Susikumar Sundharamoorthy and Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana and Murugammal Shanmugam and Shakila Ramachandran and Elankani Poovan and Dayanand Reddy Gaddam and Ganesan Rethinam} } @article {1207, title = {HPTLC, Physico-chemical, Phytochemical, Macroscopic, Microscopic Analysis of Seeds of a Nutri Cereal-Finger Millet/Ragi [(Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {118-122}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {118}, abstract = {

Background: Finger Millet/Ragi [(Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], an important nutri cereal/ millet is being cultivated in various regions across the globe. The largest cultivating continents are Asia and Africa. In this scenario of mounting importance to millets/nutri cereals as the U.N General Assembly announced {\textquoteleft}The International Year of Millets 2023{\textquoteright}, there was an urgent need for analysing this drug scientifically, for the purpose of standardisation and quality control. Objectives: HPTLC, physico-chemical, phytochemical, macroscopic, microscopic analysis of seeds of Finger Millet were conducted for standardization. Materials and Methods: Macroscopical and microscopic analysis (Anatomical and Powder Microscopy), and physico-chemical analysis of powder of seeds/grains of Finger millet were done. For, phytochemical analysis, alcoholic extraction (reflux) was performed in the powder of the drug. For HPTLC analysis, the best fingerprint was obtained in with Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5: 3: 0.1) as mobile phase. Results: In anatomical study, unique 5-layered testa, starchy endosperm, and single aleurone layer were identified. Physicochemical analysis revealed identity and purity of Ragi. Terpenoids, quinines, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and glycosides were identified as the constituent phytochemicals. The fingerprint profile of HPTLC exhibited many peaks which correspond to the various phytoconstituents present in Ragi. Conclusion: The results of the study will be beneficial in identifying Finger millet as the whole drug or in powder form, and thus standardising the raw drug.

}, keywords = {Finger Millet, HPTLC, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Standardization.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.14}, author = {Sinimol Thekkekkoottumughath Peethambaran and Soumya Mohanan Chandrika and Sree Deepthi Girija Nalinakshan and Meghna Pooleriveettil Padikkal and Reena Viswam Lilly and Neethu Kannan Bhagyanathan and Ghanthikumar Subramanian} } @article {1158, title = {Pharmacognostic, Chemical Characterization Studies on Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {514-523}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {514}, abstract = {

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and physicochemical standardization of Pleurotus ostreatus. Materials and Methods: The disease-free oyster mushroom fruiting body was collected during the rainy season from Himgiree Hi-Tech Agro (Mushroom Division) Kalyani Nagar Pune. Their identity and authentication were done. Macromorphology, cytomorphology, powder microscopy, micrometry, physicochemical evaluation, and phytochemical screening were done according to the WHO guidelines and standard methods. Results: Macromorphology of mushroom structure has a broad, oyster or fan-shaped cap, spanning 2-35 cm. yellowish grey colour, chocolaty odor, and significant taste. Cytomorphology of mushroom shows different cells such as aciculate, sphaerodunculate, lanceolate thick-walled, utriform, cornuate, Subcapitate, mucronate, cornuate, clavate 4-sterigmate basidium and in powder microscopy nodulose, isodiametric, snout like pore, spiny, bullet shaped, cuboid. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the mushroom shows the occurrence of active compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, coumarin, phenols, steroid, terpenoids protein and amino acid. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study the Standardization of phytochemical, physico-chemical is a fundamental dimension for sample identification, quality, and purity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).

}, keywords = {Cytomorphology, Oyster mushroom, Pharmacognostic study, Standardization.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.3.054}, author = {Prasad Vijay Kadam and Damini Kallyanrao Giram and Sameer Khamroddin Shaikh and Kavita Nilesh Yadav and Abhijit Sampatrao Karanje and Manohar Janardhan Patil} }