@article {1523, title = {Comparative HPTLC Analysis of Piperine Content in Roots of Piper longum L. Cultivated with Bio Formulations}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1308-1314}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1308}, abstract = {

Background: Phytochemicals from medicinal plants significantly impact healthcare. Piperine, a bioactive compound in Piper longum, exhibits diverse pharmacological effects, including analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, immune-stimulant, hepatoprotective, and bioavailability-enhancing properties. Traditionally, Piperine is extracted from both fruits (Pippali) and roots (Pippalimula) of Piper longum. Objectives: To quantify the Piperine content in Piper longum roots cultivated using bio formulations-Kunapa Jala and Vermiwash-on Piperine yield. Materials and Methods: Piper longum was cultivated with Random Block Design with two treatment groups (Kunapa Jala and Vermiwash), each with 12 replications. Roots were harvested, cleaned, dried, and powdered. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used to detect and quantify of Piperine. Results: HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of Piperine in both groups. Quantitative comparison showed a higher Piperine concentration in the Kunapa Jala treated group than in the Vermiwash group. Conclusion: Kunapa Jala enhances Piperine content in Piper longum roots in comparison to Vermiwash. This supports the potential of Vrukshayurveda and traditional formulations in improving the phytochemical yield of Pippali.

}, keywords = {HPTLC analysis, Kunapa Jala, Piper longum, Piperine, Vermiwash, Vrukshaayurveda}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252328}, author = {Adavesh Holeyache and Vishal Chaudhary} } @article {111, title = {Evaluation of Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activity of Piperine: An Experimental Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {176-180}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {176}, abstract = {

Background: Narcotics (e.g., opioids) or non-narcotics (e.g., salicylates and corticosteroids) are used in the management of pain and inflammation, both of which have side effects, thereby emphasizing the search for natural substances. Piperine found naturally in plants of the Piperaceae family has shown inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 in in vitro studies. Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of piperine in comparison to aspirin. Materials and Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180{\textendash}200 g and Swiss mice weighing 25{\textendash}30 g were used. The tail-flick method and hot plate method in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing method in mice were used for the evaluation of analgesic activity. The carrageenan-induced paw edema method, cotton pellet-induced granuloma method, and formalin-induced arthritis method were used for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity. Baker{\textquoteright}s yeast-induced pyrexia model was used to evaluate antipyretic activity. Results: Piperine showed significant analgesic effect of 40\%{\textendash}55\% in tail-flick method, 58\% in hot plate method, and 54\% in acetic acid-induced writhing model, when compared to negative controls. The percentage inhibition of inflammation, in comparison to controls, was significant at 56\% for carrageenan-induced paw edema model and 40\% for formalin-induced arthritis model. In the cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, however, it was only 10\%. In the yeast model of pyrexia, piperine significantly reduced rectal temperature at 4 h. However, aspirin had better effect than piperine in all these models. Conclusion: Piperine exhibits significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity though not comparable to aspirin.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Black pepper, Piper nigrum, Piperine}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_94_19}, author = {Nikhil Dhargawe and Sunil Mahakalkar and Bhagyashree Mohod and Jeffrey Pradeep Raj} } @article {343, title = {Central Nervous System Activity of Phenol-Rich Fraction of Piper sylvaticum Roots}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {339-342}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {339}, abstract = {

Obective: Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is an important folk medicine in Indian Traditional System of Medicine widely used by different tribes in many countries. In the present study, the anticonvulsant activity of extract/fractions of Piper sylvaticum (PS) roots was investigated. Materials and Methods: 70\% ethanolic extract of PS roots was successively extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate to prepare various fractions. Total phenol content was found at maximum 324.65 mg/gallic acid equivalent/g in ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (phenol-rich fraction [PRF]). High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting profiling of PS roots was performed. The anticonvulsant properties of the EAF of roots of PS were examined by maximal electroshock method as compared to standard phenytoin (25 mg/kg body weight). Result: It was found that EAF shows potent anticonvulsant activity at different dose levels against maximum electroshock seizure-induced convulsions in Swiss albino mice. Conclusion: From the observation, it can be concluded that the current study has expressed that the phenol-rich EAF of the ethanolic extract of the roots of PS has shown the dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in mice. The anticonvulsant potential may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds in PRF. The outcomes suggested a high potential for application of EAF of PS root as an anticonvulsant agent.

}, keywords = {Anticonvulsant activity, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Piper sylvaticum, Piperine}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_125_17}, author = {Akash Ved and Amresh Gupta and Om Prakash and Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat} } @article {392, title = {Bio-enhancing Effect of Piperine with Metformin on Lowering Blood Glucose Level in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {56-60}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {56}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most rampant metabolic pandemic of the 21st century. Piperine, the chief alkaloid of Piper nigrum (black pepper) is widely used in alternative and complementary therapies has been extensively studied for its bio-enhancing property. Objective: To evaluate the bio-enhancing effect of piperine with metformin in lowering blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: Piperine was isolated from an extract of fruits of P. nigrum. Alloxan-induced (150 mg/kg intraperitoneal) diabetic mice were divided into four groups. Group I (control 2\% gum acacia 2 g/100 mL), Group II (metformin 250 mg/kg), Group III (metformin and piperine 250 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg), and Group IV (metformin and piperine 125 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg). All the drugs were administered orally once daily for 28 days. Blood glucose levels were estimated at day 0, day 14, and end of the study (day 28). Results: The combination of piperine with therapeutic dose of metformin (10 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg) showed significantly more lowering of blood glucose level as compared to metformin alone on both 14th and 28th day (P \< 0.05). Piperine in combination with sub-therapeutic dose of metformin (10 mg/kg + 125 mg/kg) showed significantly more lowering of blood glucose as compared to control group and also showed greater lowering of blood glucose as compared to metformin (250 mg/kg) alone. Conclusion: Piperine has the potential to be used as a bio-enhancing agent in combination with metformin which can help reduce the dose of metformin and its adverse effects.

}, keywords = {Bio-enhancing effect, Diabetes, Metformin, Piperine}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.171096}, author = {Shubham Atal and Sarjana Atal and Savita Vyas and Pradeep Phadnis} }