@article {1016, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Tea Leaf and Medicinal Plant Extracts on Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria Growth, Oxidation and Epithelial Cell Adhesion}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {71-81}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {71}, abstract = {

Background: Diarrhea disease was noted by WHO as the major target for control that the leading cause of diarrhea diseases are enteric pathogenic bacteria. Biological properties of tea leaf and medicinal plant which promoted the alternative way to inhibit enteric pathogenic bacteria. Objectives: To investigate antibacterial activity of tea leaf combined with medicinal plant extracts for inhibition of growth and the adhesion of enteric pathogenic bacteria on epithelial cells. Materials and Methods: Among the Camellia sinensis tea leaves; green, oolong and black tea, and 14 medicinal plants examined, aqueous and ethanolic extracts demonstrated growth inhibition against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. Antioxidation, phenolics and flavonoids contents were also determined. Tea leaf and medicinal plant extracts were combined for the development of herbal tea that subsequently evaluated the inhibition of bacterial adhesion on epithelial cells. Results: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of green tea and Garcinia cowa showed effectiveness against all enteric pathogenic bacteria, especially the fraction of ethanolic extracts that revealed the greatest bactericidal activity. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of green tea showed the highest content of phenolics and flavonoids, which also correlated with the antioxidant activity. In addition, the ethanolic extract of G. cowa had the highest flavonoid content. Hence, the combination of green tea with G. cowa extract revealed its effectiveness against enteric pathogenic bacteria and had an inhibitory effect against the adhesion of bacteria on epithelial cells. Conclusion: Herbal tea, the combination of green tea and G. cowa extract exhibited the beneficial antibacterial and antioxidant activities, which could be considered as an alternative treatment for enteric pathogenic bacteria infections and promote health benefits.

}, keywords = {Antioxidation, Cell adhesion, Enteric pathogenic bacteria, Herbal tea, Medicinal plant, Tea leaf.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.11}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres14111.html}, author = {Thida Kaewkod and Wilaiporn Songkhakul and Yingmanee Tragoolpua} } @article {368, title = {Protective Effect of Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. Hydroalcoholic Extract against Acetic Acid-induced Colitis in Rat: Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {391-396}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {391}, abstract = {

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. has been proposed as an efficacious treatment for gastrointestinal ulcers and UC in the traditional Persian medicine. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the possible protective effect of F. angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) against acetic acid-induced UC in rats. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of FAE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally after acetic acid induced-inflammatory bowel disease. On the 3rd day, animals were euthanized by an overdose of ether inhalation and the abdomen was rapidly dissected for macroscopic, histological, and biochemical (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) analyses. Results: All doses of F. angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. extract ameliorated acetic acid-induced macroscopic and microscopic scores, except for 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, our observations were accompanied by a significant (P \< 0.05) suppression in the elevated amount of IL-1β and TNF-α. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the beneficial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of F. angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. in acetic acid-induced ulcerative lesions via anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and mucosal healing properties. F. angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. possesses promising protective function on colitis.

}, keywords = {Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss, Herbal medicine, Inflammatory bowel disease, Inflammatory cytokines, Medicinal plant, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_9_18}, author = {Fatemeh Farzaei and Fatemeh Heydarpour and Mohammad Hosein Farzaei and Zahra Minush Siavash Haghighi and Zahra Abbasabadi and Ehsan Sadeghi} } @article {500, title = {Enhanced Synthesis of Curculigoside by Stress and Amino Acids in Static Culture of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali Musli)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {193-198}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {193}, abstract = {

Background: Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (Kali musli; Family: Hypoxidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant used for many medicinal purposes such as impotency, aphrodisiac, tonic, jaundice, and skin ailments. Its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous potential have also been evaluated by many scientists. Objective: The objective of this study is to enhance the curculigoside content in tissue culture of C. orchioides. Materials and Methods: The present study deals with the enhancement of an active compound of C. orchioides by incorporating various concentration of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine, (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/100 ml), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm) into Zenk media in controlled and aseptic conditions. Results: Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and industrially important biochemicals. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. A significantly remarkable enhancement in all induced samples was noted. Curculigoside content was maximum in the 6-week-old tissue induced with 3 ppm of Cr (7.63\%) followed by 4 weeks tissue of tissue fed with 4 ppm of Ni (5.66\%) and 4-week-old tissue fed with tyrosine 7.5 mg/100 ml (2.38\%) among all samples used. These results suggest that tyrosine is better enhancer than Phe in the biosynthetic pathway of curculigoside. The presence of curculigoside in all extracts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis with standard compound of curculigoside and histology of treated samples. Conclusion: This investigation was carried out for the 1st time, and it is a significant step in understanding the biochemistry of curculigoside. The developed protocol will be beneficial for marketing in pharmaceutical industries.

}, keywords = {Curculigo orchioides, curculigoside, enhancement, intermediate compound, Medicinal plant, metal stress, Phenolics}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182915}, author = {Pratibha Chaturvedi and Vincent Briganza} }