@article {1235, title = {GC-MS Profiling, Standardization and in vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity in Hemidesmus indicus L. (R.Br.) Roots Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {282-293}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {282}, abstract = {

Aim: The study was aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic features of Hemidesmus indicus, analyze the antibacterial properties of ethanolic and aqueous root extracts, and identify bioactive compounds using GC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods: We conducted pharmacognostic analyses, including organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and physio-chemical evaluations, phytochemical screening, and fluorescence analysis. We also used standard protocols for TLC fingerprinting. Antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. Additionally, we conducted GC-MS analysis to identify major compounds in the plant extracts. Results: In our H. indicus root examination, we identified three regions: wood, inner cortex, and outer phellem. Key findings: moisture content at 9.0\% w/w, ethanol and water-soluble extractives at 11.21\% and 16.89\% w/w, total ash at 4.21\% w/w, acid-insoluble ash at 1.14\% w/w, and water-soluble ash at 3.12\% w/w. Phytochemical screening detected alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. TLC analysis of the ethanolic extract showed varying Rf values. The aqueous extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against E. coli than the ethanolic extract. GC-MS analysis identified over 30 prominent compounds in the ethanolic extract. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for the standardization of H. indicus root extracts. The aqueous root extract displayed notable antibacterial properties. Furthermore, our GC-MS analysis identified the presence of phenolic, Fatty acids, and terpenoids compounds in the root extract of H. indicus, which hold potential therapeutic applications.

}, keywords = {Fluorescence analysis, GC-MS., Hemidesmus indicus, Pharmacognostic, Standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.36}, author = {Gayyur Fatima and Mohammad Irfan Khan and Mohammad Ahmad and Badruddeen, and Juber Akhtar} } @article {937, title = {A Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Standardized Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of a Polyherbal Mixture Comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizome)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {January 2011}, pages = {335-342}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {335}, abstract = {

Background: A decoction (hot-water extract) comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots), and Smilax glabra (rhizome) has been reported to prevent chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenic changes in rats and to exert significant cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. However, the decoction used in previous studies to determine cytotoxicity was not standardized. Further, during preparation of pharmaceuticals for clinical use, it is more convenient to use an ethanolic extract. Therefore this study was carried out to (a) develop standardized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant mixture (N. sativa, H. indicus, and S. glabra) used in the preparation of the original decoction, and (b) compare the cytotoxic effects of these two extracts by evaluating cytotoxicity to the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line. Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts have been standardized by evaluating organoleptic characters, physicochemical properties, qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents, and analysis of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiles. Cytotoxic potentials of the above standardized extracts were compared by evaluating their effects on the survival and overall cell activity of HepG2 cells by use of the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2, 5 - biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assays. Results: Results from MTT and SRB assays demonstrated that both extracts exerted strong dose-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. The standardized aqueous extract showed a marginally (though significantly, P\<0.05) higher cyotoxic potential than the ethanolic extract. Thymoquinone, an already known cytotoxic compound isolated from N. sativa seeds was only observed in the standardized ethanolic extract. Thus, compounds other than thymoquinone appear to mediate the cytotoxicity of the standardized aqueous extract of this poly-herbal preparation. Conclusion: It may be concluded that results obtained in the present study could be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of these aqueous or ethanolic extracts and would be useful for the preparation of a standardized pharmaceutical product that may be used in the future for clinical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

}, keywords = {cytotoxicity, Hemidesmus indicus, MTT and SRB assays, Nigella sativa, Smilax glabra, Standardization}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.75451}, author = {Sameera R Samarakoon and Ira Thabrew and Prasanna B Galhena and Dilip De Silva and Kamani H Tennekoon} } @article {908, title = {Possible Role of Natural Nephroprotective; Hemidesmus indicus in Congestive Heart Failure}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {367-374}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {367}, abstract = {

Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. is a treasure of the forest and herbal wealth. It is being used as folk medicines and as an ingredient in Ayurveda and Unani preparations against diseases of blood, inflammation, diarrhea, urinary disorders and rheumatism etc. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of natural nephroprotectant Hemidesmus indicus for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Hemidesmus indicus extracts were evaluated by using salt water induced left ventricular hypertrophy in Spargue dawley rat model. The property was evaluated using serum creatinine, urea, SGOT, SGPT and urine albumin, creatinine, Na+, K+ and Ca++ as biochemical parameters and histopathological changes including myocyte diameter, neutrophil infiltration and cardiac hypertrophy. Results obtained from the present study indicates that aqueous and methanolic extracts have more significant inhibitory effect on salt water feeding induced severity of microalbuminuria, serum urea and creatinine, myocyte diameter and retention of Na+ and water and increases the serum calcium level. We conclude from the present study that, potent natural nephroprotectant Hemidesmus indicus is also a potent cardioprotective.

}, keywords = {Cardioprotective, Hemidesmus indicus, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Microalbuminuria, Myocytes}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Chidrawar V. R and Ushir Y. V and Sudarshan S and Patel K. N and Patel N and Vadalia K. R} }