@article {991, title = {Potential Cosmeceutical Applications and Evaluation of Human Skin Irritation of Tagetes erecta L. Flower Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {October 2021}, pages = {199-207}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {199}, abstract = {

Background: Tagetes erecta L. has been traditionally used for treatment of skin diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro skin anti-aging, antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and human skin irritation of T. erecta flower extract for development as a cosmeceutical skin product using aqueous, 50\%, and 95\% ethanolic extracts of T. erecta flower. Methods: Total phenolic content was defined. Quantitative analysis of syringic acid was determined by using HPLC. Antioxidant activities were performed by measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-pichylhydazyl free radical scavenger. Anti-aging assays were monitored inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase activities. Antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was also investigated. The extract was formulated as a lotion and its stability study was evaluated and human skin irritation tests were performed. Results: The 95\% ethanolic extract had significantly higher total phenolic content and syringic acid content than the other extracts. The 95\% ethanolic extract also had stronger inhibitory activities on DPPH scavenging and against tyrosinase, elastase and hyaluronidase enzyme activities than those of 50\% ethanolic or water extracts. The 95\% ethanolic extracts showed a better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The developed lotion containing 1\% of T. erecta extract using 95\% ethanol was stable. Moreover, skin irritation was not observed in healthy volunteers after applying the T. erecta lotion. Conclusion: This study indicates that T. erecta flower extracts, especially a 95\% ethanolic extract, are potential sources for development of cosmeceutical skin products against enzymes/reactions responsible for skin aging and bacterial skin infection.

}, keywords = {Anti-aging, Asteraceae, Marigold, Skin irritation, Tagetes erecta L.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.13.4.12}, author = {Catheleeya Mekjaruskul and Supakanya Kumkarnjana and Niramai Fangkrathok and Worapol Kengkittipat and Nuttawut Sirichat} } @article {635, title = {Volatile oil of Artemisia Santolina Decreased Morphine Withdrawal Jumping in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {April 2013}, pages = {118-120}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {118}, abstract = {

Introduction:\ Flowered aerial parts of\ Artemisia santolina\ Schrenk (Asteraceae), which is found in the central and western regions of Iran were collected from Khorasan province and the volatile oil extracted by hydro distillation.\ Materials and Methods:\ The oil (0.5\% v/w) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS using DB-5 column. The effect of this oil on the withdrawal syndrome was determined in mice. After induction of dependency by morphine, mice were intraperitoneally administered different concentrations of the oil. Morphine-withdrawal inducing by naloxone was assessed by recording the incidence of escape jumps for 60 min.\ Results:\ The results indicated that a significant difference between the essential oil received group (at dose of 3.6 mg/kg) and control group was shown but the lower doses were not effective. Essential oil analysis showed that there were forty-six components, representing 95.4\% of the oil.\ Conclusion:\ The oil of\ A. santolina\ which is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes with the major components,\ trans-verbenol (34.6\%) and\ p-mentha3-en-8-ol (13.1\%), can decreased the number of withdrawal jumping in addicted mice.

}, keywords = {Artemisia santolina, Asteraceae, Essential oil, Morphine withdrawal}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.110542 }, author = {Ahmad R Gohari and Mahdieh Kurepaz-Mahmoodabadi and Soodabeh Saeidnia} } @article {892, title = {Screening of Radical Scavenging Activity and Polyphenol Content of Bulgarian Plant Species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {November,2011}, pages = {256-259}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {256}, abstract = {

Background: Discovery of new plant species with antioxidant properties is a priority of many research teams. Most of the species included in this study are unstudied for antioxidant properties, but they are taxonomically related to reference plants with well-documented antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Free radical scavenging activity of plant extracts was evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. An aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoid determination. The amount of phenolic compounds in the extracts was estimated by using the Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu reagent. Results: As a result of screening, it was found that the significant antioxidant properties possess several unstudied until now plant species (Veronica bellidioides L., V. kellereri Deg. et Urm, V. vindobonensis (M. Fisher) M. Fisher, V. beccabunga L., V. rhodopaea L., V. austriaca (Velen.) Degen., Clinopodium vulgare L., Stachys recta L., Clematis vitalba L., and Xeranthemum annum L.). The antioxidant potential of the new species is comparable to that of reference medicinal plants. Conclusions: The existing data presented here provide new information for antioxidant potential of plant species that have not been traditionally used as medicinal plants.

}, keywords = {Asteraceae, DPPH, Flavonoids, Phenols, Salvia, Veronica}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.89746}, author = {Milena Nikolova} }