@article {104, title = {Determination of Free and Bound Amino Acids in Plant Raw Materials of Zea mays L. by the Method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {143-148}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {143}, abstract = {

Background: Plants have long been considered as a source of easily digestible forms of amino acids in combination with other biologically active compounds. Objectives: The aim of our research was to study the amino acid composition of the roots, leaves, and silk of Zea mays. Materials and Methods: The qualitative composition and the quantitative content of the free and the bound amino acids have been studied by the methods of paper chromatography and the high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The content of the bound amino acids is significantly higher than the content of free amino acids in the studied plant material. The presence of 11 free amino acids and 16 bound amino acids has been found after the hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of the roots, leaves, and silk of Z. mays. Cysteine dominates quantitatively among the bound amino acids in all samples. The roots have the lowest amino acid content compared to other samples of raw materials. Conclusions: Results show the availability to use the Z. mays raw material for the production of complex remedies and functional food additives that contain amino acid complexes.

}, keywords = {Amino acids, High-performance liquid chromatography, Leaves, Roots, Zea mays L. silk}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_78_19}, author = {Uliana V Karpiuk and Victoriia S Kyslychenko and Irina S Cholak and Oksana I Yemelianova} } @article {122, title = {Genetic, Chemical, and Biological Diversity in Mangifera indica L. Cultivars}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {186-193}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {186}, abstract = {

Context: Mango is a valuable plant with vital economic importance; the leaves of its cultivars show several morphological similarities. Aims: Full differentiation of the leaves of eight Mangifera indica L. cultivars depending on genetic, chemical, and biological bases. Settings and Design: Chemometric analysis was applied to fully distinguish the diversity among cultivars; also, their gastroprotective activity was studied. Subjects and Methods: DNA fingerprinting of eight mango cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA{\textendash} polymerase chain reaction technique and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were compared using chemometric analysis. Furthermore, estimation of total polyphenolics and flavonoids and gastroprotective activity was studied. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance was used, followed by Tukey{\textquoteright}s post hoc test. Results: Primers OPA-O7 and OPA-O8 showed 100\% polymorphism. Total polyphenolics and flavonoids concentrations varied greatly (14.58 in Tommy atkins to 29.54 in Fagrklan g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract and 22.49 in Tommy atkins to 93.40 in Fagrklan g rutin equivalent/100 g extract, respectively). HPLC quantification revealed that Kent had relatively high mangiferin content (732.446 mg/kg), and caffeic acid was recorded in the tested cultivars (2266.66 in Keitt to 1106.94 mg/kg in Naaomy). Pylorus ligation model in rats was used to assess gastroprotective potential at a dose of 200 mg/kg using standard ranitidine. High percentage protection was observed in Kent (65.62\%), whereas Keitt showed the lowest percentage protection (45.31\%). No direct correlation could be deduced between concentration of detected metabolites and the gastroprotective effect, so this activity might be attributed to synergistic effect between all secondary metabolites. Conclusions: This study spots the light on the great variation among the tested extracts; in addition, it provides effective techniques that pave the way for complete discrimination of these mango cultivars.

}, keywords = {Chemometric analysis, Gastroprotection, High-performance liquid chromatography, Mangifera indica L., Mangiferin, Random amplified polymorphic DNA}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_99_19}, author = {Seham S El-Hawary and Rehab M S Ashour and Sabah H El-Gayed and Haidy A Gad and Gehad A Abdel Jaleel and Rania A El Gedaily} }