@article {1336, title = {Ethanolic Extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera Attenuates Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {60-69}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: The chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer are known to possess potent adverse effects like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity among others. Objectives: The aim of this current study happened to be the isolation of phytoconstituent from Achyranthes aspera and assess the protective effect of the compound against cisplatin-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Toluene: Ethyl Acetate (9:1) was used as the solvent system to isolate the phenolic compound from ethanolic extract of the leaves and stem of A. aspera. The isolated compounds were studied using mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, FT-IR and UV. The effect of the isolated phenolic was assessed by study of various factors like body weight, organ weight, serum biomarkers and histopathological studies. Results: The treatment of cisplatin led to a significant increase the weight of the organs, hepatic and kidney biomarkers in serum suggesting toxicity whereas the the isolated component reversed the elevated levels (p\<0.05 compared to positive control). Conclusion: It could be concluded from the results that pretreatment with isolated component (coumarin) was able to attenuate the hepato-and nephron-toxicity induced by anticancer drug cisplatin.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Cisplatin, Hepatotoxicity, Isolation, Nephrotoxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251905}, author = {Arijit Chaudhuri and Udichi Kataria and Anurag Dubey} } @article {1490, title = {Nephroprotective and Cytotoxic Assessment of Moringa concanensis Leaf Extract in Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {1205-1213}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1205}, abstract = {

Background: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant clinical concern, characterized by tubular necrosis and impaired renal function. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, along with the in vivo nephroprotective potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa concanensis (ELMC), against gentamicin-induced renal injury in rats. Materials and Methods: ELMC was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to identify its active constituents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and cytotoxicity was evaluated via the MTT assay on HEK 293 cells. For in vivo analysis, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (gentamicin 100 mg/kg i.p. for 10 days), Groups 3 and 4 (ELMC at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. for 16 days, respectively, alongside gentamicin), and Group 5 (ascorbic acid 45 mg/kg p.o. as standard). Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine, uric acid, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), while kidney homogenates were analyzed for Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Histopathological examination of kidney tissues was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E) staining. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins in ELMC. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activity and exhibited no cytotoxic effects on HEK 293 cells. In vivo, ELMC treatment significantly improved renal biomarkers and enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels, while preserving renal histoarchitecture in comparison to the gentamicin-only group. Conclusion: ELMC exhibits potent nephroprotective effects against gentamicin-induced renal damage, likely attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent; however, further mechanistic and clinical studies are necessary to validate its efficacy.

}, keywords = {Gentamicin, Moringa concanensis, Nephrotoxicity, Renal function}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252208}, author = {Abhishek Raghavendra and Hariprasad Madakasira Guggilla and Diya Lakshman Shetty and Deeksha Giridhar} } @article {102, title = {Banisterine Alleviates Morphine-based Nephrotoxicity by Antioxidant Property: An In vivo Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {137-142}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {137}, abstract = {

Background: Banisterine (BAN) as an alkaloid agent has antioxidant properties. The morphine (MOR) with the character of free radical generation has an effective role on renal pathogenesis. Objectives: This investigation critically examines the effects of the BAN against MOR-induced damage to the kidneys of rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assorted into 8 groups (8 rats in each), including the saline (Sal), MOR, BAN (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) and MOR + BAN treatment groups. All experimental procedures were applied by intraperitoneal injection daily for 20 days. Whole investigated values consist of total animal weight, weight of kidney, morphological criteria of kidney, antioxidant capacity and serum nitrite oxide levels. Results: Intraperitoneally MOR application significantly increased the levels of renal Malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine, and blood nitrite oxide and also reduced the glomerular number and tissue ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) level compared to the Sal control group (P \< 0.05). Treatment of BAN and BAN + MOR in all doses significantly reduced the levels of BUN, MDA, creatinine, glomerular diameter, and nitrite oxide and also increased the glomerular number and tissue FRAP levels compared to the MOR group (P \< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings support the idea that the BAN with its antioxidant nature can eliminate MOR renal toxicity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Banisterine, in vivo, Morphine, Nephrotoxicity}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_97_19 }, author = {Mohammad Reza Salahshoor and Cyrus Jalili and Amir Abdolmaleki and Shiva Roshankhah} } @article {269, title = {Mitochondrial Nephrotoxicity induced by Tacrolimus (FK-506) and Modulatory Effects of Bacopa monnieri (Farafakh) of Tabuk Region}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February,2019}, pages = {20-24}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Background: Tacrolimus is a known immunosuppressive drug used widely for organ transplantation, but its nephrotoxicity mechanism is still unclear. Objectives: The present study investigates the protective efficacy of Bacopa monnieri (BM), against tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Group 1 (control group); administered orally with normal saline for 30 days; Group 2 (BM extract treated group); Group 3 (tacrolimus-treated group); and Group 4; (tacrolimus plus BM extract treated group). Tacrolimus-treated rats received 1 mg/kg body weight of tacrolimus intraperitoneally for 30 days, and BM-pretreated rats were administered with the dose of 200 mg/kg orally by gavage once a day for 30 days. Results: Tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity was assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Pretreatment with BM has shown to possess a significant protective effect against tacrolimus-induced kidney functions regarding urea, creatinine, and albumin levels, respectively. The creatinine, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and protein carbonyl levels were significantly increased dramatically, and however, the total proteins, albumin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were decreased when pretreated with tacrolimus. The nephroprotective efficacy of the BM extract was further evident by histopathological analysis and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicates that BM extracts exerted protection against tacrolimus-induced kidney toxicity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Bacopa monnieri, DNA fragmentation, Nephrotoxicity, Tacrolimus.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_100_18}, author = {Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni and Shalini Saggu and Ehab Tousson and Anand Mohan and Abdullah Farasani} } @article {337, title = {Attenuation of Methotrexate-induced Hepatorenal Damage by Terminalia bellerica Fruit Extract in Experimental Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {301-308}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {301}, abstract = {

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is used for numerous malignancies and autoimmune disorders. With such widespread use, MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity is an issue of concern that still needs to be addressed. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of Terminalia bellerica extract (TBE) in MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) {\textendash} received MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 4th day along with pretreatment with different doses of TBE (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, p.o) given from 1st to 15th day. MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity was evaluated by biochemical hepatic and renal parameters along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Hepatorenal toxicity induced by MTX was attributed to increased oxidative stress, biochemical liver, and kidney parameters and upregulation of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB). MTX-treated group observed twofold to threefold rise in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine values{\textendash}138.49 IU/L, 125.81 IU/L, 63.09 mg/dl, and 1.895 mg/dl, respectively. Groups pretreated with TBE (400 mg/kg) observed a significant decrease (P \< 0.001) in oxidative stress and biochemical parameters {\textendash} AST (63.94 IU/L), ALT (55.98 IU/L), BUN (37.02 mg/dl), and creatinine (1.065 mg/dl). Pretreatment with TBE 400 mg/kg, histopathology of both liver and kidney tissues showed improved architectural damage and immunohistochemistry showed downregulation of increased antigens-caspase-3 and NFkB. Conclusion: T. bellerica fruit extract (400 mg/kg) showed significant hepatorenal protection by reducing oxidative stress, elevating serum enzymes, and downregulating the tissue expressions of caspase-3 and NFkB.

}, keywords = {caspase-3, Hepatotoxicity, Methotrexate, Nephrotoxicity, Nuclear factor kappa B, Terminalia bellerica}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_159_17}, author = {Prerna Chauhan and Himanshu Sharma and Surender Singh and Yogendra Kumar Gupta and Uma Kumar} } @article {938, title = {Amelioration of nitrobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity by the ethanol extract of the herb Euphorbia hirta}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {September 2011}, pages = {201-207}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {201}, abstract = {

Background: Euphorbia hirta (L.) (Euphorbiaceae) is a very popular herb amongst practitioners of traditional medicine and used in the treatment of female disorders, respiratory ailments, tumors, jaundice, digestive problems, wounds, etc. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of E. hirta against nitrobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The nephroprotective activity of the ethanol extract of E. hirta (400 mg/kg body weight) was studied in nitrobenzene-induced albino rats (1000 mg/kg body weight). The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols and vitamin C in the kidney tissues were determined. Histopathologic investigation was performed in the kidney tissue samples. Results: Nitrobenzene administration significantly (P \< 0.01) enhanced the lipid peroxidation and significantly (P \< 0.05) depleted the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, total thiols and vitamin C. Treatment with the ethanol extract of E. hirta significantly normalized the antioxidant levels. The nephroprotective activity was also supported by histopathologic studies of kidney tissue. Conclusion: The results indicate that the ethanol extract of E. hirta ameliorates renal dysfunction and could be used as an effective protector against nitrobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity, primarily through its antioxidant capacity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Euphorbia hirta, Histopathology, Nephrotoxicity, nitrobenzene}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.85009}, author = {Subramanian Suganya and Dominic Sophia and Chinthamony Arul Raj and Muthaiyan Ahalliya Rathi and Lakshmanan Thirumoorthi and Periyasamy Meenakshi and Dugganaboyana Guru Kumar and Velliyur Kanniyapan Gopalakrishnan} }