@article {1224, title = {Hyperlipidemic Potential of Polyherbal Siddha Formulation D5 Chooranam}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {376-383}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {376}, abstract = {

Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important public health problem with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. D5 Chooranam is a synergetic Siddha polyherbal formulation designed by Central Council for Research in Siddha which is under patent process. Materials and Methods: In this study assessment of antihyperlipidemic activity of D5 Chooranam was carried out using high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic model. After 8 weeks of induction hyperlipidemia, the male Wistar rats were treated orally with 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg of D5 Chooranam for 6 weeks. Results: The results demonstrated significant hypolipidemic activity by lowering total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides and by increasing HDL levels compared to hyperlipidemic rats. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. The reduced AST and ALT levels showed its protective role against hepatic damage. Histopathological findings in rat liver supported the protective role of D5 Chooranam in HFD-induced fatty liver. No significant changes in the renal and cardiac markers provide evidence that D5 Chooranam may not possess serious side effects. Conclusion: Therefore, the study suggests that D5 Chooranam could be effective in treating hyperlipidemia.

}, keywords = {cholesterol, HDL, High fat diet, Hyperlipidemia, Low density lipoprotein, Siddha formulation.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.47}, author = {Gaddam Dayanand Reddy and Rethinam Ganesan and Manikantavinay Jayavaram and Venkata Narasimhakumar G and Bhavani Krishnamoorthy and Shahana Ahamed} } @article {54, title = {Leaf Extracts of Glyphaea brevis Attenuate High Blood Glucose and Lipids in Diabetic Rats Induced with Streptozotocin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {82-88}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetes is a non-communicable disease causing impairment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. Previous ethnobotanical surveys showed that leaves of\ Glyphaea brevis\ (G. brevis) are used conventionally in the treatment of diabetes with limited scientific evidence.\ Objective:\ We aimed to determine the effects of aqueous (AE) and hydroethanolic extracts (HEE) of\ G. brevis\ leaves in attenuating diabetes-linked hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in an animal model.\ Materials and Methods:\ Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats were divided into six groups receiving the following daily treatments for 4 weeks orally: control (distilled water), reference (tolbutamide 80 mg/kg) and 4 tests (AE 250 mg/kg, AE 500 mg/kg, HEE 250 mg/kg, and HEE 500 mg/kg). The effects of each treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia were assessed using oral glucose tolerance and oral starch tolerance tests. Blood was collected to assess the effects of treatments on fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Liver glycogen and gluconeogenic enzyme activity were also measured.\ Results:\ AE- and HEE-treated rats had 36\%{\textendash}64\% lower fasting blood glucose levels, 34\%{\textendash}73\% lower postprandial glycemia, and 15\%{\textendash}75\% lower HbA1c\ than rats from control group (P\ \< 0.01). AE and HEE treatments also brought about a significant increase in liver glycogen levels and lower gluconeogenic enzyme activity (P\ \< 0.01). Extract-treated groups also had lower plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (P\ \< 0.01).\ Conclusion:\ These results suggest that treatment with leaf extracts of\ G. brevis\ is effective in attenuating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Future studies will determine the active compounds accountable for these beneficial effects.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Glyphaea brevis, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_99_20}, author = {William Dakam and Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue and Simone V{\'e}ronique Fannang and Julius Enyong Oben} } @article {205, title = {Antidiabetic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Myrtus communis (Myrtle) Fruits in Streptozotocin-Induced and Dexamethasone-Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {April,2019}, pages = {115-120}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {115}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, resulting in insufficiency of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Objective: The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the Myrtus communis (myrtle) fruits on Wistar rats were investigated in two types of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was used to induce Type I diabetes. Type II diabetes was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone for 10 days. Two groups of the diabetic animals received the hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit by gavage (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 45 and 10 days) and the diabetic control groups receiving distilled water. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of M. communis fruits reduced the serum levels of the glucose, triglyceride, urine volume, urine protein, and malondialdehyde at the end of the 45 day. In Type II diabetic rats, there was a significant effect on plasma glucose levels. On this day, blood glucose-lowering effect was significantly observed after insulin administration as C2\>D2M500\>D2M250\>D2 (P <= 0.05). The plasma level of insulin was completely reversed. There were no differences in the other biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of M. communis fruits has a significant effect on the improvement of diabetes mellitus complications especially Type II diabetic animals, which begins with insulin resistance.

}, keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, in vivo, Insulin resistance., Myrtus communis fruit}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_160_18}, author = {Mohammad Sharif Talebianpoor and Mohammad Shafee Talebianpoor and Mahboubeh Mansourian and Tahereh Vafaiee-Nejad} } @article {172, title = {Antilipidemic Properties of Calpurnia aurea Leaf Extract on High-Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November,2019}, pages = {389-395}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {289}, abstract = {

Background: Hyperlipidemia is described by raised in the plasma lipids including triglycerides (TG), cholesterols, cholesterol esters, phospholipids as well as plasma lipoproteins, for example, very low-density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL, and reduction in the circling high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Objective: To explore the antilipidemic properties of the hydromethanolic extract of Calpurnia aurea (HMECA) leafs against high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic male albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino Wistar rats of 60{\textendash}75 days and weights of 150{\textendash}200 g were isolated arbitrarily into six groups of five each. Group I fed with normal diet in as typical control, Group II got high-fat-eating routine (48.8\% fat w/w) containing fat produced using hamburger fat and blended with hydrogenated vegetable oil, Group III fed with high fat diet plus 3.5 mg/kg/day atorvastatin as standard control, and the remaining Groups IV, V, and VI fed with high fat diet along with different does of HMECA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg/day separately for 60 days. Food intake, body weight, body mass index, serum lipid profiles, and liver histopathology were studied. Results: The results of this investigation exposed that HMECA has dose-dependent antilipidemic exercises. HMECA treatment of 400 mg/ kg caused a noteworthy bringing down of P \< 0.05 of serum LDL from 28.53 {\textpm} 12.2 mg/dl to 9.70 {\textpm} 5.77 mg/dL; the serum cholesterol level from 92.00 {\textpm} 13.0 mg/dl to 60.33 {\textpm} 8.60 mg/dl; the serum TG leve1 from 84.73 {\textpm} 19.4 mg/dl to 71.83 {\textpm} 13.0 mg/dl mg/dl; and increased the serum HDL-cholesterol levels from 11.66 {\textpm} 1.23 mg/dl to 29.66 {\textpm} 1.52 mg/dl. At the medium dosage of 300 mg/kg, it was not successful as 400 mg/ kg and at the insignificant dosage of 200 mg/kg brought numerical contrast not statistically noteworthy among the serum lipid profile. Conclusion: This research discovered that the HMECA possesses a significant antilipidimic activity in dose dependent manner. The molecular mechanism of antilipidemic exercises of this medication should be contemplated.

}, keywords = {Antilipidemia, Calpurnia aurea, High-fat diet, Hyperlipidemia, Lipid profile.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_10_18}, author = {Welde Mengistu and Seifu Daniel and Natesan Gnanasekaran} } @article {802, title = {Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Albizia amara (Roxb) Boiv. Bark Against Triton X-100 Induced Hyperlipidemic Condition in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Background: The plant Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. bark was used in traditional medical practices of India to treat cardiovascular diseases. Hyperlipidemia is the greatest risk factor of coronary heart disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to screen the potential of A. amara against the condition of hyperlipidemia in rats. Materials and Methods: The antihyperlipidemic activity of A. amara ethanolic extract (AAEE) was studied on Triton X-100 induced model of hyperlipidemia in rats. Hyperlipidemia in experimental rats was evidenced by an enhancement in the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL) and decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL). Results: AAEE showed significant antihyperlipidemic effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical parameters such as a significant reduction in the level of serum cholesterol, TG (104.1 {\textpm} 3.39), LDL (48.2 {\textpm} 2.19), VLDL (20.81 {\textpm} 0.67) and increase in HDL (47.25 {\textpm} 2.05) level with an increase in a dose of AAEE (41.39 {\textpm} 1.24) \< (47.25 {\textpm} 2.05), which was similar to the standard drug atorvastatin. The results of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase also revealed that the plant extract was found to be safe on liver. Histopathological evaluation also revealed the positive effect of the plant extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as saponins, glycosides and tannins. The preliminary chemical constituents stood as a strong evidence for the study. Conclusion: Summing up the evidences of the pragmatic study, we can conclude that the extract of A. amara (Roxb.) Boiv. Bark aids in declining the condition of hyperlipidemia in rats.

}, keywords = {Albizia amara, Atorvastatin, Hyperlipidemia, Triton X-100}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138237}, author = {Rohit Gundamaraju and Kim Kah Hwi and Rajeev K Singla and Ravi Chandra Vemuri and Sartaj Banu Mulapalli} } @article {591, title = {Effect of the Fractions of Coccinia grandis on Ethanol- Induced Cerebral Oxidative Stress in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {25-34}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {25}, abstract = {

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of the various fractions of hydromethanol extract of the leaves of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) against ethanol-induced cerebral oxidative stress in rats. The leaves of this species is used in traditional medicine for treating jaundice, bronchitis, skin eruptions, burns, rheumatism, syphilis, gonorrhoea, etc. Cerebral oxidative stress was induced in rats by the administration of 20\% ethanol (5 ml/100 g b.w.) for 28 days. The pet-ether (PEF), chloroform (CF), ethylacetate (EAF) and residual (RF) fractions at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. were simultaneously administered with ethanol orally for 28 days. Vitamin E at a dose of 100 mg/kg orally was used as the standard. Administration of ethanol resulted in a significant increase in the activities of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and lipid levels. In addition, there was a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides and a reduction in the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the brain. Simultaneous administration of the fractions prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in uric acid and lipid levels. All the fractions (except the residual fraction) prevented the peroxidative damage caused by ethanol, which is evidenced from the improved antioxidant potential. Further, histopathological examination of the brain tissue revealed that the fractions offered significant protection against ethanol toxicity. Among the fractions tested, the chloroform fraction exhibited appreciable antioxidant property, which was almost comparable with the standard Vitamin E. These results suggest that the leaves of Coccinia grandis exhibit significant antioxidant activity in ethanol-treated rats.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant enzymes, Coccinia grandis, ethanol, Hyperlipidemia, Lipid peroxidation}, author = {M. Umamaheswari and T. K. Chatterjee} }