@article {1517, title = {The Antioxidant Potential of Leaf, Bark, and Flower Extracts of Vateria indica L.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {1362-1366}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1362}, abstract = {

Background: Vateria indica L. is an extremely endangered tree belonging to Family Dipterocarpaceae. In almost all Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha medicines, the resin obtained from this tree is used to treat various diseases. Objectives: The present study evaluates Vateria indica L{\textquoteright}s antioxidant potential and quantification of total phenol and flavonoid content in dry and fresh bark, leaf, and flower extracts. Materials and Methods: The analysis of phenol quantification has been determined utilizing Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, and gallic acid utilized as the standard, and flavonoid quantification has been computed by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. DPPH radical scavenging assay is employed to analyze antioxidant activity. Results: Fresh bark extracts presented maximum phenol content (417.4mg GAE/g), whereas the fresh flower extract showed the least phenol (78.675 mg GAE/g). Highest flavonoid content has been found in fresh bark, afterward, dry bark, fresh leaf, dry leaf, dry flower, and fresh flower. Antioxidant activity is exhibited by all the extracts studied. Flower and leaf extracts showed comparable antioxidant activity. Maximum antioxidant activity has been exhibited by fresh bark extract, having (IC50 value of 28.995 μg per mL. Conclusion: Results of current study recommend that bark, leaves, flower extracts, both fresh and dry, of Vateria indica L. contain phenols and flavonoids and exhibit good antioxidant properties, which could be exploited further as a potent source of natural antioxidants.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, DPPH, Total flavonoid, Total phenol, Vateria indica L.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20250027}, author = {Manju Madhavan and Gayathri Haridas and Anu C Benny and Dalie Dominic A} } @article {795, title = {Antiarthritic and Antioxidant Effects of the Leaf extract of Ficus exasperata P. Beauv. (Moraceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {May 2010}, pages = {89-97}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {89}, abstract = {

Leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata P. Beauv. (Moraceae) are commonly used in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of several pathological states including inflammatory disorders. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of an ethanolic extract of F. exasperata (FEE) in the Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. Since free radicals and reactive oxygen species are implicated in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the antioxidant potential of the extract was investigated in in vitro experimental models. FEE as well as the positive controls, dexamethasone and methotrexate, showed significant dose-dependent antiarthritic properties when applied to established adjuvant arthritis. Oral administration of FEE (30-300 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced the arthritic edema in the ipsilateral paw of rats with a maximal inhibition of 34.46 {\textpm} 11.42\%. FEE (30-300 mg/kg p.o.) also significantly prevented the spread of the edema from the ipsilateral to the contralateral paws indicating inhibition of systemic spread. The disease-modifying antirheumatic drug methotrexate (0.1-1 mg/kg i.p.) and the steroidal anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone (0.3-3 mg/kg i.p.) also reduced very significantly the total polyarthritic edema as well as the spread of the arthritis from the ipsilateral to the contralateral paws of the treated animals. The extract also exhibited reducing activity (EC 50 = 8.105 {\textpm} 18.49), scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, EC 50 = 0.499 {\textpm} 0.302) and prevented lipid peroxidation (IC 50 = 1.283 {\textpm} 0.923) in rat brain homogenates. Phenols were detected in the extract. These results suggest that ethanolic extract of the leaves of F. exasperata exerts antiarthritic activity after oral administration and also has antioxidant properties which may contribute to its activity.

}, keywords = {DPPH, Ficus exasperata, Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis, Lipid peroxidation, Total phenol}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.62958}, author = {Wonder M. K. Abotsi and Eric Woode and George K Ainooson and Ama K Amo-Barimah and Eric Boakye-Gyasi} }