@article {156, title = {Effect of Seasonal Variation on Euphadienol Content in Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia tirucalli L. using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {236-242}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {236}, abstract = {

Background: Ayurveda emphasizes that different parts of plants (both organized and unorganized) should be collected on a certain season to get their better yield and therapeutic value. In general, Kshira (latex) should be collected in Sharada rutu (autumn season). However, the latex of Snuhi has been stated to be collected at Shishiranta (end of winter). The latex of Snuhi has an important place in different therapeutic formulations. One of the important mentions is for the preparation of Ksharasutra, one of the widely used paramedical procedures in Ayurveda. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of seasonal variation on the quantity of euphadienol content (one of the major active constituents) in latex sample of Euphorbia antiquorum L. (EA) and Euphorbia tirucalli L. (ET). Materials and Methods: The latex was collected individually during six different seasons in a calendar year from two species i.e. EA and ET. Then, after suitable sample preparation, it was subjected to high-performance thin-layer chromatography study using euphadienol as a standard biomarker and scanned at 210 nm. Results: The euphadienol content was found to be present in all the six seasons across the calendar year. The content was found maximum in Hemanta rutu and Sharada rutu samples in case of EA and ET, respectively. Conclusion: The study proves that changes of seasons do have a certain effect on the phytoconstituents in the plants.

}, keywords = {Euphadienol, Euphorbia antiquorum, Euphorbia tirucalli, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Snuhi}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_1_20}, author = {Sudipta Roy and Rabinarayan Acharya and VJ Shukla and Anagha Ranade} } @article {100, title = {High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Estimation of Boeravinone-B in Boerhavia diffusa L. and its Polyherbal Dosage Form (Capsule)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {267-272}, chapter = {267}, abstract = {

Background: Qualitative and quantitative marker estimation is the quality basis of Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals. Boerhavia diffusa is a widely used herb in the Indian system of medicine. Objective: Estimation of boeravinone-B in hydroalcoholic extract of raw drug (ingredient) as well as its poly-herbal formulation to authenticate ingredients ratio in finished product by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Materials and Methods: Based on planar chromatographic method (HPTLC) with optimized mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (5:3:1:1 v/v). Further densitometry and marker quantification of developed plate were carried out at ultraviolet 254 nm. Results: Presented in the form of comparative characteristic HPTLC fingerprints and densitograms with well-resolved prominent bands for boeravinone-B at retardation factor (Rf) {\textendash} 0.87 in both the samples. The linear regression by calibration plots revealed good linear relationship with 0.99953 with standard deviation 0.74\% with respect to the area in the concentration range of 200{\textendash}1000 ng/spot. Statistical analysis proves that the developed quantification method is reproducible and selective. Findings showed the presence of 0.055\% and 0.012\% w/w boeravinone-B in hydroalcoholic extract of B. diffusa and its polyherbal formulation, respectively, at Rf 0.87 under λ 254 nm. Conclusion: The study established fast, simple, precise, and cost-effective methods for qualitative and quantitative studies of Ayurvedic raw drugs, and polyherbal formulations consist of B. diffusa. It estimated boeravinone-B in raw drug (ingredient) as well as in its polyherbal formulation. The study qualitatively and quantitatively authenticated the presence and ratio of B. diffusa in polyherbal dosage form (capsule). Moreover, it suggested that the plant contains rich amount of boeravinone-B; this may be directed in selection of genuine plant species in formulation development as well as in standardization.

}, keywords = {Boeravinone-B, Boerhavia diffusa, Densitometry, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Polyherbal formulation.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_161_18}, author = {Arjun Singh and Himanshu Sharma and Ravinder Singh and Narayanam Srikanth} } @article {343, title = {Central Nervous System Activity of Phenol-Rich Fraction of Piper sylvaticum Roots}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {339-342}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {339}, abstract = {

Obective: Piper sylvaticum Roxb. is an important folk medicine in Indian Traditional System of Medicine widely used by different tribes in many countries. In the present study, the anticonvulsant activity of extract/fractions of Piper sylvaticum (PS) roots was investigated. Materials and Methods: 70\% ethanolic extract of PS roots was successively extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate to prepare various fractions. Total phenol content was found at maximum 324.65 mg/gallic acid equivalent/g in ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (phenol-rich fraction [PRF]). High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting profiling of PS roots was performed. The anticonvulsant properties of the EAF of roots of PS were examined by maximal electroshock method as compared to standard phenytoin (25 mg/kg body weight). Result: It was found that EAF shows potent anticonvulsant activity at different dose levels against maximum electroshock seizure-induced convulsions in Swiss albino mice. Conclusion: From the observation, it can be concluded that the current study has expressed that the phenol-rich EAF of the ethanolic extract of the roots of PS has shown the dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in mice. The anticonvulsant potential may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds in PRF. The outcomes suggested a high potential for application of EAF of PS root as an anticonvulsant agent.

}, keywords = {Anticonvulsant activity, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Piper sylvaticum, Piperine}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_125_17}, author = {Akash Ved and Amresh Gupta and Om Prakash and Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat} } @article {542, title = {Development and Validation of High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s67-s73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s67}, abstract = {

Context: Quantitative standardization of plant-based products is challenging albeit essential to maintain their quality. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Qu), and gallic acid (Ga) from Psidium guajava Linn. (PG) and Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. (AM) and correlate with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The stock solution (1 mg/mL) of standard Ru, Qu, and Ga in methanol: Water (1:1) was serially diluted and spotted (5 μL) on slica gel 60 F254thin-layer chromatography plates. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (3:4:0.8:0.7, v/v/v) was selected as mobile phase for analysis at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic (1:1) extracts of leaves of PG and AM were fractionated and similarly analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Results: The developed method was robust and resolved Ru, Qu, and Ga at Rf0.08 {\textpm} 0.02, 0.76 {\textpm} 0.01, and 0.63 {\textpm} 0.02, respectively. The intra-day, interday precision, and interanalyst were \<2\% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Ru, Qu, and Ga were 4.51, 4.2, 5.27, and 13.67, 12.73, 15.98 ng/spot, respectively. Antioxidant activity (Log 50\% inhibition) of PG and AM was 4.947 {\textpm} 0.322 and 6.498 {\textpm} 0.295, respectively. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, and specific for the simultaneous estimation of Ru, Qu, and Ga.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Gallic acid, Guercetin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Psidium guajava, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_122_16}, author = {CV Jayachandran Nair and Sayeed Ahamad and Washim Khan and Varisha Anjum} } @article {541, title = {Development and Validation of High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s67-s73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s67}, abstract = {

Context: Quantitative standardization of plant-based products is challenging albeit essential to maintain their quality. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Qu), and gallic acid (Ga) from Psidium guajava Linn. (PG) and Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. (AM) and correlate with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The stock solution (1 mg/mL) of standard Ru, Qu, and Ga in methanol: Water (1:1) was serially diluted and spotted (5 μL) on slica gel 60 F254thin-layer chromatography plates. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (3:4:0.8:0.7, v/v/v) was selected as mobile phase for analysis at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic (1:1) extracts of leaves of PG and AM were fractionated and similarly analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Results: The developed method was robust and resolved Ru, Qu, and Ga at Rf0.08 {\textpm} 0.02, 0.76 {\textpm} 0.01, and 0.63 {\textpm} 0.02, respectively. The intra-day, interday precision, and interanalyst were \<2\% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Ru, Qu, and Ga were 4.51, 4.2, 5.27, and 13.67, 12.73, 15.98 ng/spot, respectively. Antioxidant activity (Log 50\% inhibition) of PG and AM was 4.947 {\textpm} 0.322 and 6.498 {\textpm} 0.295, respectively. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, and specific for the simultaneous estimation of Ru, Qu, and Ga.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Gallic acid, Guercetin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Psidium guajava, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_122_16}, author = {CV Jayachandran Nair and Sayeed Ahamad and Washim Khan and Varisha Anjum} } @article {422, title = {High Performance Thin layer Chromatography: Densitometry Method for Determination of Rubraxanthone in the Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {July 2017}, pages = {230-233}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {230}, abstract = {

Context: Garcinia cowa is a medicinal plant widely grown in Southeast Asia and tropical countries. Various parts of this plant have been used in traditional folk medicine. The bark, latex, and root have been used as an antipyretic agent, while fruit and leaves have been used as an expectorant, for indigestion and improvement of blood circulation. Aims: This study aims to determine the concentration of rubraxanthone found in ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of G. cowa by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: HPTLC method was performed on precoated silica gel G 60 F254 plates using an HPTLC system with a developed mobile-phase system of chloroform: ethyl acetate: methanol: formic acid (86:6:3:5). A volume of 5 μL of standard and sample solutions was applied to the chromatographic plates. The plates were developed in saturated mode of twin trough chamber at room temperature. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity. The spots were observed at ultraviolet 243 nm. Results: The linearity of rubraxanthone was obtained between 52.5 and 157.5 ppm/spot. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 4.03 and 13.42 ppm/spot, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, and high sensitivity. Therefore, it may be applied for the quantification of rubraxanthone in ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of G. cowa.

}, keywords = {Chromatography, Densitometry, Garcinia cowa Roxb., High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Rubraxanthone, Validation}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_144_16}, author = {Dachriyanus Hamidi and Hilyatul Aulia and Meri Susanti} } @article {510, title = {High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method Development, Validation, and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds Identified in Standardized Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {238-243}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {238}, abstract = {

Context: Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb widely grown in Southeast Asia and tropical countries. It has been used traditionally as a diuretic, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation, gout, and hypertension. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), 3{\textquoteright}-hydroxy-5,6,7,4{\textquoteright}-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensitin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) found in ethanol, 50\% ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves. Materials and Methods: HPTLC method was conducted using an HPTLC system with a developed mobile phase system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (3:7:0.1) performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity, respectively. The detection of spots was observed at ultraviolet 254 nm and 366 nm. Results: The linearity of RA, TMF, SIN, and EUP were obtained between 10 and 100 ng/spot with high correlation coefficient value (R2) of more than 0.986. The limit of detection was found to be 122.47 {\textpm} 3.95 (RA), 43.38 {\textpm} 0.79 (SIN), 17.26 {\textpm} 1.16 (TMF), and 46.80 {\textpm} 1.33 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Whereas the LOQ was found to be 376.44 {\textpm} 6.70 (RA), 131.45 {\textpm} 2.39 (SIN), 52.30 {\textpm} 2.01 (TMF), and 141.82 {\textpm} 1.58 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, and high sensitivity. Hence, it may be applied in a routine quantification of RA, SIN, TMF, and EUP found in ethanol, 50\% of ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves.

}, keywords = {Eupatorin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Orthosiphon stamineus, Rosmarinic acid, Sinensitin, Validation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188872}, author = {Suzana Hashim and Hooi Kheng Beh and Mohamad Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil and Zhari Ismail and Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid} }