@article {1138, title = {Screening and Evaluation of Potential Antifungal Plant Extracts against Skin Infecting Fungus Trichophyton rubrum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {February 2023}, pages = {328-337}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {328}, abstract = {

Dermatophytosis is mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The use of presently available conventional antifungal agents is limited due to various side-effects, requirement of long-term application, emergence of resistant organisms and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, methanolic extract of 12 medicinal plants was screened for antifungal activity against T. rubrum. To identify the phytochemicals in the extract qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). By analysing the samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the chemicals that were present were identified. Among the various plants studied, the methanolic extracts of Aegle marmelos leaves (AML-ME) and Pimpinella anisum seed (PMS-ME) showed high zone of inhibition of 16 and 22 mm, respectively. MIC of both the extracts was found to be 100 μg/ml. Some major compounds identified in AML-ME with alkaloids are N, N,-dimethyl-o-(1-methyl-butyl)-hydroxylamine, 13-tetradece-11-yn-1-ol (15.21\%), n-hexadecanoic acid, Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (s)-(5.22\%) and 1,3-butanediol, and in PAS-ME, hexamethylene chloroiodide, cyclopentene,3-hexyl, E-2-octadecadecen-1-ol, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2-cyclopentene-1-undecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Both AML-ME and PAS-ME showed dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity against the radicals such as DPPH and ABTS. Also, FRAP activity was found in both the extracts. Altogether, the presence of antifungal and antioxidant activity in the AML-ME and PAS-ME might be advantageous in exploring these extracts as either alternative or complementary therapy to the available antifungal agents further. The phytochemicals present in these extracts has acted synergistically against the T. rubrum and affected its viability.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Antifungal activity, Bioactive compounds, Dermatophytosis., Pimpinella anisum}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.2.035}, author = {Margret Kanimozhi A and Caroline Rose J} } @article {99, title = {Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Diabetic Rats Treated with Aegle marmelos (L.) Methanolic Leaf Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {127-130}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {127}, abstract = {

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries, it is being widely used for its medicinal properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of A. marmelos. Materials and Methods: Six treatment groups, namely control, diseased, standard (glimepiride), low dose (100 mg/kg), medium dose (250 mg/kg), and high dose (500 mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts, were used in the study. The biochemical effects were evaluated by the determination of bodyweight, blood glucose, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total proteins, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase. Results: A significant increase in the bodyweight of the animals was observed in the high-dose treated animals (350.0 {\textpm} 6.15) when compared to the diseased group animals (241.0 {\textpm} 7.23). A significant decrease in the blood glucose, SGOT, and SGPT levels was observed in the high-dose treated animals (142.3 {\textpm} 20.52, 71.6 {\textpm} 4.8, and 24.5 {\textpm} 2.42) when compared to the diseased group animals (292.8 {\textpm} 29.34, 146.3 {\textpm} 11.12, and 74.5 {\textpm} 2.88), respectively. Similarly, total proteins, serum albumin, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels of the high-dose treated animals were also significantly decreased (6.1 {\textpm} 0.26, 4.2 {\textpm} 0.22, 0.4 {\textpm} 0.18, and 109.2 {\textpm} 14.58) when compared to the diseased group animals (9.7 {\textpm} 0.27, 5.4 {\textpm} 0.26, 1.0 {\textpm} 0.22, and 257.2 {\textpm} 8.22), respectively. Conclusion: Through the biochemical changes, it is evident that the high dose of methanolic leaf extract of A. marmelos can be used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Alloxan, Bael, Diabetes, Rutaceae}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_53_19}, author = {Ravi Babu Birudu and Padmavathi Pamulapati and Sathish Kumar Manoharan} } @article {301, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Components of Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Psidium guajava and Seeds of Nigella sativa and Correlation with In vitro Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {April 2018}, pages = {230-235}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {230}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the volatile components of the leaves of Aegle marmelos, Psidium guajava, and seeds of Nigella sativa, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) and correlate with their in vitro antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Plant material was analyzed for heavy metal content (HMC), pesticide residue (PR), and the presence of microbes/ fungi. Following hydrodistillation, the volatile components (AM, PG, and NS) were subjected to GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Results: The plant material passed the test for HMC, PR, microbial, and fungal contamination. Using GC-MS, the number of compounds identified in AM, PG, and NS were 62, 46, and 58, respectively. The antioxidant activity of AM, PG, and NS was 98.538\%, 98.955\%, and 97.755\%, respectively. Conclusion: GC-MS-based methods can be successfully utilized for phytochemical profiling and standardization of plant material.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Antioxidant activity, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric, Nigella sativa, Psidium guajava, Volatile compounds}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_93_17}, author = {C. V. Jayachandran Nair and Sayeed Ahamad and Washim Khan and Varisha Anjum and Rajani Mathur} } @article {541, title = {Development and Validation of High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s67-s73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s67}, abstract = {

Context: Quantitative standardization of plant-based products is challenging albeit essential to maintain their quality. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Qu), and gallic acid (Ga) from Psidium guajava Linn. (PG) and Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. (AM) and correlate with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The stock solution (1 mg/mL) of standard Ru, Qu, and Ga in methanol: Water (1:1) was serially diluted and spotted (5 μL) on slica gel 60 F254thin-layer chromatography plates. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (3:4:0.8:0.7, v/v/v) was selected as mobile phase for analysis at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic (1:1) extracts of leaves of PG and AM were fractionated and similarly analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Results: The developed method was robust and resolved Ru, Qu, and Ga at Rf0.08 {\textpm} 0.02, 0.76 {\textpm} 0.01, and 0.63 {\textpm} 0.02, respectively. The intra-day, interday precision, and interanalyst were \<2\% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Ru, Qu, and Ga were 4.51, 4.2, 5.27, and 13.67, 12.73, 15.98 ng/spot, respectively. Antioxidant activity (Log 50\% inhibition) of PG and AM was 4.947 {\textpm} 0.322 and 6.498 {\textpm} 0.295, respectively. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, and specific for the simultaneous estimation of Ru, Qu, and Ga.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Gallic acid, Guercetin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Psidium guajava, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_122_16}, author = {CV Jayachandran Nair and Sayeed Ahamad and Washim Khan and Varisha Anjum} } @article {542, title = {Development and Validation of High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {s67-s73}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s67}, abstract = {

Context: Quantitative standardization of plant-based products is challenging albeit essential to maintain their quality. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Qu), and gallic acid (Ga) from Psidium guajava Linn. (PG) and Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. (AM) and correlate with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The stock solution (1 mg/mL) of standard Ru, Qu, and Ga in methanol: Water (1:1) was serially diluted and spotted (5 μL) on slica gel 60 F254thin-layer chromatography plates. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (3:4:0.8:0.7, v/v/v) was selected as mobile phase for analysis at 254 nm. Hydroalcoholic (1:1) extracts of leaves of PG and AM were fractionated and similarly analyzed. Antioxidant activity was also determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Results: The developed method was robust and resolved Ru, Qu, and Ga at Rf0.08 {\textpm} 0.02, 0.76 {\textpm} 0.01, and 0.63 {\textpm} 0.02, respectively. The intra-day, interday precision, and interanalyst were \<2\% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Ru, Qu, and Ga were 4.51, 4.2, 5.27, and 13.67, 12.73, 15.98 ng/spot, respectively. Antioxidant activity (Log 50\% inhibition) of PG and AM was 4.947 {\textpm} 0.322 and 6.498 {\textpm} 0.295, respectively. Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method was rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible, and specific for the simultaneous estimation of Ru, Qu, and Ga.

}, keywords = {Aegle marmelos, Gallic acid, Guercetin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Psidium guajava, Rutin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_122_16}, author = {CV Jayachandran Nair and Sayeed Ahamad and Washim Khan and Varisha Anjum} }