@article {195, title = {Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Corynaea crassa: A Comparative Study of Plants from Ecuador and Peru}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {394-402}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {394}, abstract = {

Background: Corynaea crassa Hook. F (Balanophoraceae), is a hemiparasitic plant that grows on the roots of other species, commonly known as {\textquotedblleft}huanarpo male{\textquotedblright} and traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac. Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and pharmacological study between extracts obtained from plants that grow in Peru and Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Macro and micromorphological analysis, physicochemical characteristics, and phytochemical screening were determined according to established standards. Successive extraction was carried out with solvents of increasing polarity, and the composition of the ethyl acetate extract was performed using a gas chromatograph Agilent connected to the mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the plants by the carrageenan test. Results: The macro- and micromorphological characteristics did not show differences, the physical-chemical properties presented some differences attributable to the ecological conditions of the places of origin, the phytochemical screening exposed a complex chemical composition. In the ethyl acetate extract obtained, safrole and squalene were identified as major components for the Ecuadorian species and hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids for the Peruvian species. The anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was demonstrated on the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model in female Wistar albino rats. Conclusion: The extracts showed a similar anti-inflammatory behavior, although less than the indomethacin used as a positive control. This work brings novel results to the pharmacognostic, chemical and pharmacological properties of the species C. crassa.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, Ethyl acetate extract, Gas chromatograph agilent connected to mass spectrometer, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_42_20}, author = {AJ Lopez-Barrera and YI Gutierrez-Gaiten and Migdalia Miranda-Martinez and IA Choez-Guaranda and SG Ruiz-Reyes and R Scull-Lizama} } @article {98, title = {Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {August 2019}, pages = {260-266}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {260}, abstract = {

Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco. Materials and Methods: Sequential Soxhlet extraction of titled plant material was carried out. Phytochemical analysis was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated along with in vitro antioxidant property of the extracts which was assessed by ferric ion-reducing power assay, phosphomolybdenum assay, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Further, the extracts were assessed for anti-inflammatory property by in vitro protein denaturation assay, whereas neuroprotective activity was performed by pretreatment 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, lignins, and sterols. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the aqueous extract possessed high phenolic content and methanol extract possessed high flavonoid content when compared to other extracts. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity revealed through different assays. Among all the extracts, methanol extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with 85.32 {\textpm} 1.63 percentage inhibition of protein degradation. Methanol extract at the concentration of 5 μg showed comparatively significant neuroprotection against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced toxicity with 70.02\% SK-S-NH cell survival against 56.30\% cell survival TMT-intoxicated group. Conclusion: The leaf extracts of A. corniculatum possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

}, keywords = {Aegiceras corniculatum, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Mangrove plants, Neuroprotective activity.}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_48_19}, author = {Badarinath D Kulkarni and Joy Harris Hoskeri and AB Vedamurthy} }