@article {54, title = {Leaf Extracts of Glyphaea brevis Attenuate High Blood Glucose and Lipids in Diabetic Rats Induced with Streptozotocin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {82-88}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Background:\ Diabetes is a non-communicable disease causing impairment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. Previous ethnobotanical surveys showed that leaves of\ Glyphaea brevis\ (G. brevis) are used conventionally in the treatment of diabetes with limited scientific evidence.\ Objective:\ We aimed to determine the effects of aqueous (AE) and hydroethanolic extracts (HEE) of\ G. brevis\ leaves in attenuating diabetes-linked hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in an animal model.\ Materials and Methods:\ Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats were divided into six groups receiving the following daily treatments for 4 weeks orally: control (distilled water), reference (tolbutamide 80 mg/kg) and 4 tests (AE 250 mg/kg, AE 500 mg/kg, HEE 250 mg/kg, and HEE 500 mg/kg). The effects of each treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia were assessed using oral glucose tolerance and oral starch tolerance tests. Blood was collected to assess the effects of treatments on fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile. Liver glycogen and gluconeogenic enzyme activity were also measured.\ Results:\ AE- and HEE-treated rats had 36\%{\textendash}64\% lower fasting blood glucose levels, 34\%{\textendash}73\% lower postprandial glycemia, and 15\%{\textendash}75\% lower HbA1c\ than rats from control group (P\ \< 0.01). AE and HEE treatments also brought about a significant increase in liver glycogen levels and lower gluconeogenic enzyme activity (P\ \< 0.01). Extract-treated groups also had lower plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (P\ \< 0.01).\ Conclusion:\ These results suggest that treatment with leaf extracts of\ G. brevis\ is effective in attenuating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Future studies will determine the active compounds accountable for these beneficial effects.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Glyphaea brevis, Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_99_20}, author = {William Dakam and Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue and Simone V{\'e}ronique Fannang and Julius Enyong Oben} } @article {910, title = {Antibacterial, anti-infl ammatory, and antioxidant effects of the leaves and stem bark of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae): A comparative study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {September 2011}, pages = {166-172}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {166}, abstract = {

Background: Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) have traditional uses in the management of conditions characterized by infections, inflammatory disorders and oxidative stress. The paper aims to report the comparative data on the leaves and stem bark of Glyphaea brevis with respect to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial effects of the 70\% ethanol extracts of the leaves and stem bark were determined using the agar well diffusion and micro dilution assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced oedema model in 7-day old cockerels. Using the DPPH free radical scavenging, total antioxidant and total phenol content assays, the antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed. Results: The bark extract had the higher antibacterial effect against 6 of the 8 microorganisms used. Noteworthy are its activity against Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis with lowest MIC value of 500 ΅g/mL respectively. In doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, both extracts reduced the carrageenan-induced oedema in 7-day old cockerels. Based on the ED50 values, both extracts demonstrated similar potencies (ED50 =21.00 mg/kg). The stem bark extract exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 1.392 mg/mL) compared to the leaf extract (IC50 = 9.509 mg/mL). In the total phenol content, the bark extract showed higher content (15.91 mg/g of dry mass) compared to the leaf extract (2.68 mg/g dry mass). Both extracts demonstrated equal potencies in the total antioxidant capacity determinations (0.60 mg/g dry weight of extract). Conclusions: The results of this work provide scientific evidence for the traditional uses of Glyphaea brevis.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Carrageenan-induced oedema, Free radical, Glyphaea brevis}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.85001}, author = {RA Dickson and E Ekuadzi and K Annan and G Komlaga} }