@article {1467, title = {Evaluation of Structural, Physical and Cytotoxicological Properties of Cissus quadrangularis, Carrageenan and Extracellular Matrix Based Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {1037-1043}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1037}, abstract = {

Background: Bone tissue engineering has increasingly focused on developing bioactive composite membranes from natural polymers to enhance periodontal regeneration. This study aimed to compare the structural, physical, and cytotoxic properties of a type 1 collagen-Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) membrane with a novel GTR membrane combining Cissus quadrangularis, carrageenan, and ovine extracellular matrix. Materials and Methods: The GTR membranes were fabricated using a CaCl$_{2}$-induced gelation process followed by freeze-drying. Group 1 included a type 1 collagen membrane (Perio Col), and Group 2 included the novel membrane. Structural and physical properties were assessed using FTIR, SEM, tensile strength, swelling, and contact angle analysis. Results: Group 2 showed superior tensile strength (28.9 MPa) compared to Group 1 (16.1 MPa), lower swelling ratios (52\% vs. 66\%), and a reduced contact angle (68{\textdegree} vs. 87{\textdegree}), indicating better wettability. The MTT assay demonstrated significantly enhanced cytocompatibility in Group 3 (cells exposed to the novel membrane with a plant compound), which exhibited 92{\textpm}4\% cell viability compared to Group 2 (85{\textpm}5\%) and the control group (100\%). Statistical analysis (p\<0.01) confirmed the novel membrane{\textquoteright}s enhanced biocompatibility due to the addition of the plant compound. Conclusion: These findings highlight the novel membrane{\textquoteright}s potential as a regenerative material for periodontal applications, with its favourable mechanical properties, improved wettability, and cytocompatibility making it a promising scaffold for tissue regeneration and therapeutic advancements in regenerative medicine.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Cissus quadrangularis, Extracellular matrix, Guided tissue Regeneration, Membrane, Periodontal regeneration}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252234}, author = {Balaji Ganesh Subramanian and Uma Maheswari and Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan and Taniya Mary Martin and Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar} } @article {1204, title = {Exploring the Ameliorative Role of Equisetum diffusum D. Don Whole-Plant Methanolic-extract in Acute Inflammation and Molecular Docking Analysis of GC-MS-identified Phytocompounds with Few Prominent Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines for Inspecting the Potent}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {82-97}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

Background: Equisetum diffusum D. Don (Fam. Equisetaceae), an important medicinal pteridophyte species has been traditionally used in the treatment of bone fracture, bone dislocation, and arthritis by various tribal communities of India. Objectives: To validate the potent anti-inflammatory properties of the whole plant methanolic-extract (EDME) using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo strategies. Materials and Methods: The EDME was characterized through total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, saponin content and five antioxidant assays. The GC-MS analysis was done to screen the active phyto-constituents followed by in silico molecular docking studies with inflammatory markers. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring protein denaturation-inhibition test, heat-induced and hypotonicity-induced haemolysis test. Carrageenan-induced paw-edema test was used to determine the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of EDME. Results: Our results showed quite higher tannin content in EDME compared to saponin content, and showed satisfactory phenol and flavonoid contents. From the antioxidant survey, it was found that EDME has the highest activity against ABTS radical and the least against superoxide radical. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of EDME reported the presence of 47 phyto-compounds, out of which few compounds showed good inhibition against Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and IL-6 compared to standard NSAIDs, in molecular docking analysis. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies indicated that EDME inhibits protein denaturation, heat-induced, and hypotonicity-induced haemolysis significantly (p\<0.001) compared to standard drugs. The in vivo anti-inflammatory study of the plant showed 52.26\% and 73.36\% reduction in paw-edema in both protective-dose groups respectively, when compared to the carrageenan control group. Conclusion: Our findings established the anti-inflammatory roles of the whole plant methanolic extract of Equisetum diffusum on strong ground which may lead to drug development for the treatment of inflammation-related complications.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Equisetum diffusum, GC-MS, Inflammation, Molecular docking, Paw edema.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.1.11}, author = {Sourav Sarkar and Debabrata Modak and Md Salman Haydar and John Johnros Georrge and Soumen Bhattacharjee} } @article {1121, title = {Pharmacological Evaluation of Different Extracts of Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae) as an Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Agent in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {184-205}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {184}, abstract = {

Background: To treat the joint pain arial part of Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) has historically been used. However, its efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis has not been pharmaceutically evaluated. We explore the phytochemical analysis anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-arthritic activity of petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Asparagus officinalis aerial part. Materials and Methods: Tail- flick method was used to evaluate the analgesic activity anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using paw oedema induced with carrageenan and CFA induced arthritic model was used to evaluate the potential in anti- arthritic activity in rats. The Petroleum ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts were dosed orally in three divided doses (75, 150 and 300 mg/ kg). For anti- inflammatory and analgesic activity diclofenac sodium at 10 mg/kg was used as standard, whereas in anti-arthritic model prednisolone at 5 mg/kg and methotrexate at 0.5 mg/ kg were used as standard. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett{\textquoteright}s multiple range test were used to analyse statistical significance between means. Results: The results revealed a dosecontrolled anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic effect with different extracts whereas at some extent analgesic activity was observed. Four compounds were present and confirmed by LCMS/MS. The CFA model{\textquoteright}s findings showed improved defence against arthritic lesions and changes in body weight. Additionally, Asparagus officinalis significantly improved rheumatoid factor, changed WBCs, and favourably altered radiographic and histological alterations. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Asparagus officinalis is a strong anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory compound that may be suggested for the treatment of both chronic and acute inflammation.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Chemical constituents, LCMS/MS, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sparrow grass.}, doi = {10.5530/097484900333}, author = {Satish Kumar and Pratima Srivastava and Sumeet Gupta and Meenakshi Dhanawat and Sapna Rani and Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye and Rupesh K Gautam} } @article {1014, title = {GC-MS Analysis and Thrombolytic Property of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Terminalia pallida Brandis against Carrageenan Instigated Tail Thrombosis Model in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {53-60}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

Background: Several plants of Terminalia species are being reported as medicinally useful. Terminalia pallida Brandis is one of the plants of the Combretaceae family, which constitutes several pharmacologically active substances. Present work explored leaf extract{\textquoteright}s thrombolytic property, which could serve as the superior choice for currently using drugs. Objectives: The present study primarily focused on investigating the phyto-constituents such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanolic leaf extract followed by GC-MS analysis and determining the in vitro thrombin inhibition and in vivo thrombolysis activity. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (total = 36) were randomly distributed into six groups (n=6). Thrombosis was instigated by injecting 40 μL of 1\% carrageenan (Type-I) via the subplantar region of the right hind paw of each mouse. The plant extract was screened for its in vitro thrombin inhibitory potency. In animal studies, the size of the blood clots in mouse tails was recorded by administering the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight for every 24, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. Results: A dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg of the extract showed significant thrombolytic activity at 24, 48, and 72 hr (p\< 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner when correlated with the control group. A reduction in the length of blood clots (p\< 0.01) was observed at 48 and 72 hr. In acute oral toxicity study, administration of leaf extract showed no mortality and no significant behavioral changes up to 2000 mg/kg dose. The GC-MS analysis explored the occurrence of about 16 eluted compounds; among these, few have been reported as medicinally useful, which accounts for the therapeutic importance of the plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the methanolic extract of T. pallida Brandis leaves at 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of the Thrombosis in carrageenan instigated model of mice and in vitro thrombin activity.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Heparin, Quercetin., Terminallia pallida Brandis, Thrombosis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.1.9}, url = {https://phcogres.com/fulltext/v14i1/105530pres1419.html}, author = {Sarvan Kumar Guguloth and Narender Malothu and Prasanth DSNBK} } @article {648, title = {Evaluation of Marine Brown Algae Sargassum ilicifolium Extract for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {146-149}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {146}, abstract = {

Background\ : The methanolic extract of\ Sargassum ilicifolium\ (Pheophyceae) was used to evaluate its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in the present study.\ Materials and Methods:\ Analgesic activity was tested using Acetic acid writhing method and Eddy hot plate method in Male albino mice and Wister rats respectively at a dose level of 1, 10, 50, 100mg/kg p.o. At the same dose, its anti-inflammatory activity was also tested using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema method Result Acetic acid writhing test and Eddy{\textquoteright}s hot plate episodes were significantly and dose dependently reduced. Carrageenan (a standard inflammatory agent) induced paw edema in rats was significantly reduced after intraperitonal administration of methanolic extract.\ Results:\ showed dose dependant significant activity in comparison with standard and control.\ Conclusion:\ Methanolic extracts of the brown seaweeds\ Sargassum ilicifolium\ have potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at moderate doses.

}, keywords = {Acetic acid Writhing, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, Granuloma, Hot Plate, Paw edema, Sargassum Ilicifolium}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112413 }, author = {Chandraraj C Simpi and Channabasappa V Nagathan and Santosh R Karajgi and Navanath V Kalyane} } @article {918, title = {A Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. on Experimental Animal Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {November 2010}, pages = {313-317}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {313}, abstract = {

Introduction : The aim is to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava (PGE) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods : Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95\% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Four groups of animals of either sex, weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study (n = 6). Group A was taken as control (3\% gum acacia in 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (PGE 250 mg/kg body weight), Group C as test group (PGE 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group D as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, subacute inflammation by Granuloma pouch method, and chronic inflammation by Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant-induced arthritis method. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests. Results : In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). In subacute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of exudate formation in Groups B, C, and D in comparison to Group A (P \< 0.05). In chronic inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema and inhibition of weight reduction in Groups B, C, and D compared with Group A. Downregulation of arthritis index was also significant in Groups B, C, and D in comparison with Group A (P \< 0.05). Conclusion : The ethanolic extract of PGE has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Carrageenan, Granuloma, Psidium guajava}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.72331}, author = {Sarmistha Dutta and Swarnamoni Das} }