@article {1454, title = {Comparative Efficacy of Different Solvent Extracts of Equisetum diffusum Whole Plant in FCA-induced Arthritic Rat Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {934-946}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {934}, abstract = {

Background: Equisetum diffusum D. Don (Family Equisetaceae, common name {\textquoteleft}Himalayan horsetail{\textquoteright}) is one such medicinally important herb that has a long history of traditional use among different tribal populations of the sub-Himalayan regions in India for treating back discomfort, bone fractures, and dislocations, as well as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Objectives: This study aims to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic characteristics of whole-plant of E. diffusum ethyl acetate (EDEAE) and n-hexane (EDHE) extracts. Materials and Methods: The adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model was utilized for assessing different arthritic parameters. The GC-MS studies was conducted for screening the bioactive phytocomponents in both solvent extracts. Results: In our study, both the EDEAE and EDHE significantly reduced the arthritic scores, normalized body weight, and restored paw-edema and hematological, biochemical, radiological, and histological states. From our GC-MS analysis, we found that EDHE and EDEAE consist of 75 and 133 unique bioactive phytocompounds, respectively. Out of which, eight (8) and seventeen (17) phytocompounds from the EDHE and EDEAE extracts showed the presence of anti-arthritic and/or anti-inflammatory characteristics, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of our study provide solid evidence for the anti-arthritic characteristics of different solvent extracts derived from E. diffusum in a chronic adjuvant-induced arthritic model. However, the EDEAE extract exhibited a more favorable outcome in comparison to the EDHE extract.

}, keywords = {Equisetum diffusum, FCA, GC-MS, Inflammation, Paw-edema, Rheumatoid Arthritis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252179}, author = {Sourav Sarkar and Barnana Chakrabarti and Debabrata Modak and Roopsa Datta and Soumen Bhattacharjee} } @article {1121, title = {Pharmacological Evaluation of Different Extracts of Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae) as an Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Agent in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {184-205}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {184}, abstract = {

Background: To treat the joint pain arial part of Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) has historically been used. However, its efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis has not been pharmaceutically evaluated. We explore the phytochemical analysis anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-arthritic activity of petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Asparagus officinalis aerial part. Materials and Methods: Tail- flick method was used to evaluate the analgesic activity anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using paw oedema induced with carrageenan and CFA induced arthritic model was used to evaluate the potential in anti- arthritic activity in rats. The Petroleum ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts were dosed orally in three divided doses (75, 150 and 300 mg/ kg). For anti- inflammatory and analgesic activity diclofenac sodium at 10 mg/kg was used as standard, whereas in anti-arthritic model prednisolone at 5 mg/kg and methotrexate at 0.5 mg/ kg were used as standard. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett{\textquoteright}s multiple range test were used to analyse statistical significance between means. Results: The results revealed a dosecontrolled anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic effect with different extracts whereas at some extent analgesic activity was observed. Four compounds were present and confirmed by LCMS/MS. The CFA model{\textquoteright}s findings showed improved defence against arthritic lesions and changes in body weight. Additionally, Asparagus officinalis significantly improved rheumatoid factor, changed WBCs, and favourably altered radiographic and histological alterations. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Asparagus officinalis is a strong anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory compound that may be suggested for the treatment of both chronic and acute inflammation.

}, keywords = {Carrageenan, Chemical constituents, LCMS/MS, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sparrow grass.}, doi = {10.5530/097484900333}, author = {Satish Kumar and Pratima Srivastava and Sumeet Gupta and Meenakshi Dhanawat and Sapna Rani and Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye and Rupesh K Gautam} } @article {1067, title = {Anti-arthritic Potential of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia on Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {304-309}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {304}, abstract = {

Background: Euphorbia helioscopia is of the family Euphorbiaceae, owning various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory activity. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic-autoimmune systemic disease that can be characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, and joint damage. Objectives: To assess the anti-arthritic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia. Materials and Methods: Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) method was followed for the evaluation. Complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce arthritis in female Wistar rats. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (300, 150, and 75 mg/kg/day) of aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia were given orally to Wistar rats. Results: Both the extracts showed significant anti-arthritic activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, ethanolic extract (300mg/kg) of Euphorbia helioscopia showed potential anti-arthritic activity among the tested extracts. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that Euphorbia helioscopia possesses marked anti-arthritic activity.

}, keywords = {Adjuvant induced arthritis, Antiinflammatory, Aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts, Euphorbia helioscopia, Rheumatoid Arthritis}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.3.44}, author = {Iram Jan and Ashish Dogra and Syed Assim Haq and Sumit Dhiman and Gurdarshan Singh and Mithilesh Kumar} } @article {1079, title = {Evaluation of Curcumin, Piperine, and Ferrous Sulphate Combination Potential in the Adjuvant-induced Arthritis Model in Male Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {483-491}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {483}, abstract = {

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder known for prolonged joint inflammation and deformity condition. Currently, Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatment in RA patients is preferred. Objectives: The research focuses on exploring the combination (curcumin (200mg/kg), piperine (10mg/kg), and ferrous sulphate (0.1mg/kg) potential in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA) compared with disease control and prednisone acetate (standard 5 mg/kg) in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats in each group was treated with standard, curcumin, piperine, and ferrous sulphate individually as well as in combination for 28 days after the induction of arthritis. Evaluation parameters were body weight, paw edema, mobility condition, and stair climbing test. Furthermore, Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), immune organ index (spleen and thymus) was elucidated. The study was concluded with histopathology, X-ray radiography, Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF α), and Interleukin- 1beta (IL-β) examination. Results: The combination showed significance with the gradual increase in body weight and mobility (7th day), whereas the conditions of paw edema and stair climbing were found effective (28th day). RBC and WBC counts were found to be clinically significant. The combination was found to be highly significant in estimation of immune organ index. Combination showed significant change in infiltration of inflammatory cells, joint space, and minimal erosion in bone indicating satisfactory anti-arthritic effects. Furthermore, the combination showed improvement in joint radiodensity and narrowing in joint space. The level of TNF-α and IL-1β were found significant. Conclusion: The combination showed antiinflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.

}, keywords = {Adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA), Complete Freud{\textquoteright}s adjuvant, Interleukin- 1beta (IL-β), Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spleen, Thymus}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.4.70}, author = {Ami Thakkar and Nirav Bhatia and Gaurav Doshi} } @article {645, title = {UP446, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Botanical Composition}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {139-145}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {139}, abstract = {

Background:\ Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Long-term use of currently available therapies for RA produces adverse effects that limit dosage and duration; hence there is a need for safe and effective alternatives suitable for long term chronic use. UP446, a composition consisting primarily of baicalin from\ Scutellaria baicalensis\ Georgi (Family: Lamiaceae) and (+)-catechin from the heartwoods of\ Acacia catechu\ (Family: Mimosaceae), has been previously shown to reduce production of eicosanoids and leukotrienes through dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes and to decreased mRNA and protein levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.\ Aim:\ To evaluate the likelihood of UP446 in moderating arthritis and its associated symptoms in an experimental animal model of RA.\ Materials and Methods:\ A RA rat model was induced by injecting Freund{\textquoteright}s complete adjuvant into left and right hind paw and base of the tail. Animals were administered UP446 (50 mg/kg), ibuprofen (150 mg/kg mg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage 30 min prior to arthritis induction and each day thereafter for 14 days.\ Result:\ Animals treated with UP446 showed 23.7, 31.9, 33.4, 29.3, and 33.1\% reduction in pain sensitivity; 46.0, 36.7, 33.7, 34.8, and 33.4\% reduction in ankle diameter on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13; respectively; compared to vehicle. Similarly paw edema was significantly reduced with an average of 30\% for the first inflammatory reaction period (day 1-8) followed by 37.1 and 33.6\% reduction on day 9 and 13.\ Conclusion:\ These data indicate potential benefit of UP446 in alleviating symptoms of RA and support human clinical evaluation of this botanical composition in patients with RA.

}, keywords = {Acacia catechu, Inflammation, Pain, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112406 }, author = {Mesfin Yimam and Lidia Brownell and Mandee Pantier and Qi Jia} }