@article {1244, title = {Protective Effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. against Oxymetholone-Injured Liver and Kidney Injury in BALB/c Mice: An Integrated Biochemical, Stereological, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {401-413}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {401}, abstract = {

Background: Anabolic steroids, like Oxymetholone (OM), can imitate testosterone and cause harm to the liver and kidneys. Objectives: In this study, the ameliorative effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (V. arctostaphylos) on OM-induced liver and kidney damage were investigated using various methods. Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice (Thirty-six in 6 group/6 mice) were included as sham, OM, three OM groups treated with different doses of V. arctostaphylos fruit extract (OM+100, OM+200, and OM+400 V. arctostaphylos), and a group solely treated with 400 V. arctostaphylos. Blood samples collected on the 51st day assessed biochemical parameters and oxidative stress factors in the liver and kidney. Stereological and histopathological analyses were conducted using isolated liver and kidney tissues, while immunohistochemistry measured apoptosis levels using p53 and Bcl-2 positive cells. Results: The results indicated that V. arctostaphylos fruit extract protected the liver and kidney from OM-induced damage and maintained their normal function. Liver enzyme levels and kidney functional parameters were close to normal, and SOD and GPx activity increased while NO levels decreased. Stereological analysis showed that V. arctostaphylos preserved the normal structure of the liver and kidney and reduced the p53 positive cells while increasing Bcl-2 cell count. Conclusion: These findings suggest that V. arctostaphylos fruit extract, rich in polyphenols and possessing antioxidant properties, can enhance protection against OM-induced hepato-renal oxidative damage.

}, keywords = {Kidney, Liver, Oxymetholone., Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.2.50}, author = {Elnaz Khordad and Mohsen Akbaribazm and Seyed Moein Hosseini and Yasaman Rahmani} } @article {629, title = {Aerva Ianata (Polpala): Its Effects on the Structure and Function of the Urinary Tract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {October ,2012}, pages = {181-188}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

Context: Aerva lanata is not prescribed for long-term use in Ayurveda as it is believed to produce structural changes in the urinary tract of the patients leading to renal failure. Aim: To investigate the toxic effects of Aerva lanata on the structure and function of urinary tract of a rat model (Sprague-Dawley rats). Settings and Design: An experimental study. Thirty male and thirty female healthy rats were randomly assigned to three groups (test groups 1, 2 and control) and administered dried infusion of A. lanata 25g/200ml (low dose), 100g/200ml (high dose) and distilled water respectively, for 30 days. Materials and Methods: Blood and urine were collected and creatinine was measured. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urine flow rate (UFR) of rats were determined to assess renal function. Kidneys, ureters, and bladders of rats were harvested for light microscopic (LM) studies. Electron microscopic (EM) studies were done on kidney tissues. Statistical Analysis Used: Difference in mean values of Ccr and UFR between test groups and the control group were compared statistically using independent T test. LM and EM findings of the two treated groups (T1 and T2) were statistically compared with the control group (C) using standard normal distribution. Results: Ccr and UFR of test groups were not significantly different from that of the control group. LM studies did not show any histological changes suggesting toxicity. EM, however showed significant ultra structural changes in proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells of rats in the two test groups. Conclusion: Administration of dried Aerva lanata for a period of one month did not produce significant effects on renal function of rats. However administration for the same period caused significant ultra structural changes in the proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells.

}, keywords = {Aerva lanata, Kidney, Sprague-Dawley rats, Toxic effects}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.102259}, author = {Mangala Gunatilake and M.D.S. Lokuhetty and Nuwan A Bartholameuz} } @article {780, title = {Toxicity Study of the Aqueous Extract of Tithonia diversifolia Leaves using Selected Biochemical Parameters in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {143-147}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {143}, abstract = {

Tithonia diversifolia has manifold ethnomedicinal uses in traditional settings without much consideration about the possible adverse effects of the consumption of its crude extracts. In this study, effects of repeated oral administration of aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves (100 and 200 mg/Kg body weight) for seven days on concentrations of serum electrolytes and biomolecules and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, heart, liver and kidney of rats were investigated. The extract significantly increased concentrations of serum calcium ion, potasium ion and HDL-cholesterol but reduced serum albumin concentration at both doses administered compared to controls. At 200 mg/Kg body weight, the extract significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activities in the liver and heart. The results of this study suggest that the extract may exert adverse effects on the functions of the liver, heart and kidney.

}, keywords = {Extract, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Tithonia diversifolia, Toxicity}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Adebayo, J.O and Balogun, E.A and Oyeleke, S.A.} }