@article {831, title = {Antiproliferative Effects of Plumbago rosea and its Purified Constituent Plumbagin on SK-MEL 28 Melanoma Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {August,2014}, pages = {312-319}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {312}, abstract = {

Background: Plumbago rosea is used in traditional systems of medicine for the preparation of formulations used for treating inflammations, cough, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal disorders, and also in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of plumbagin, and the ethanolic root extract of P. rosea (ETPR) was evaluated on SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell lines and human lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: MTT and apoptotic assays were used for the evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. In addition, the effect of Plumbagin and ETPR in down regulation of BCL-2 expression is investigated using RT-PCR analysis. Results: Both plumbagin and ETPR dose-dependently decreased the cell viability more potently in melanoma cell lines. P. rosea extract demonstrated significant synergy in inhibiting BCL-2 expression than plumbagin. Moreover plumbagin showed more toxicity in human lymphocytes. Conclusion: Plumbagin has anti-cancer potential, but the side effects limits its use; yet plumbagin, in combination with other ingredients in Plumbago rosea extract, displays significant synergy leading to a stronger anticancer effect with significantly less toxicity.

}, keywords = {BCL-2, ethanolic root extract of P. rosea, High performance liquid chromatography, Plumbagin, Plumbago rosea, SK-MEL 28}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.138280}, author = {Alexander Ronaldo Anuf and Rajesh Ramachandran and Rajaram Krishnasamy and PS Sudhakar Gandhi and Sureshkumar Periyasamy} } @article {793, title = {Pharmacognostic Specifications and Quantification of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in Pentace Burmanica Stem Bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {May,2014}, pages = {251-256}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {251}, abstract = {

Background: According to Thai traditional medicine, Pentace burmanica Kurz. stem bark has been used as crude drug for treating diarrhea. However, the crude drug is also found susceptible to adulteration. Objectives: To develop specific standardization parameters of P. burmanica stem bark in Thailand and to determine the (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin contents of P. burmanica stem bark by HPLC analysis. Materials and Methods: P. burmanica stem barks from various sources throughout Thailand were investigated according to WHO guideline of the pharmacognostic specification. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin quantification. Results: Macroscopic evaluation was demonstrated as whole plant drawing. Microscopic evaluation of stem bark powdered drug showed fragment of fibers, resin masses, tannin masses, starch grain, calcium oxalate, and fragment of parenchyma. Physico-chemical parameters revealed that total ash, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying, and water content should be not more than 3.58, 0.50, 8.40, and 9.70\% of dry weight respectively; while ethanol and water soluble extractive values should not be less than 21.90 and 19.06\% of dry weight respectively. Both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were existed in P. burmanica ethanolic extract. Owing to the small amount of (+)-catechin, quantitation of its content was omitted. However, (-)-epicatechin contents was found as 59.74 {\textpm} 1.69μg/mg of crude extract. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic investigations can be used to set the standard parameters of P. burmanica stem bark in Thailand. HPLC method can be applied to determine (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin content in plant materials.

}, keywords = {(+)-Catechin, (-)-Epicatechin, High performance liquid chromatography, Pentace burmanica, Pharmacognostic specification}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.132606}, author = {Thidarat Duangyod and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} } @article {674, title = {Seasonal Variation in Content of Camptothecin from the Bark of Nothapodytes Nimmoniana (Grah.) Mabb., using HPLC Analysis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {May 2013}, pages = {219-223 }, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {219}, abstract = {

Objective:\ To study and compare seasonal variation in camptothecin (CPT) content from bark samples of\ Nothapodytes nimmoniana\ obtained from geographically and climatologically isolated populations.\ Methods:\ A standard High Performance Liquid Chromatography methodology was used to analyze and quantify CPT from bark samples of\ N. nimmoniana.\ Results:\ Sample collected from Amboli yielded highest CPT content 1.337 g/100 g dry bark powder during the monsoon compared to other localities in study. Monsoon (August) showed to accumulate higher levels of CPT in barks of\ N. nimmoniana\ as compared to summer (May). Amboli averaged highest accumulation of CPT compared to other localities under study.\ Conclusion:\ These findings indicate season to have control over accumulation of CPT. Locality Amboli has highest CPT content in all seasons and were the elite population during the study. The study also suggests the need for further investigation in lights of biosynthesis in the plant.

}, keywords = {Camptothecin, High performance liquid chromatography, Nothapodytes Nimmoniana, Seasonal Variation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.112434}, author = {Sandeep R Pai and Nilesh V Pawar and Mansingraj S Nimbalkar and Parthraj R Kshirsagar and Firdose K Kolar and Ghansham B Dixit} } @article {616, title = {A validated UV-HPLC Method for Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Lepidogrammitis Drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {July,2012}, pages = {148-153}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {148}, abstract = {

Background: Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching (L. drymoglossoides), a member of the Polypodiaceae family, was used in the treatment of numerous diseases. However, none of the potential ingredients and the quality control methods concerning this plant medicine was pronounced. Objective: To identify chlorogenic acid (CGA) from L. drymoglossoides and develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of CGA. Materials and Methods: UV, TLC, and HPLC were utilized to identify the phytochemicals of L. drymoglossoides and determine the CGA content, respectively. The HPLC conditions were as following: a Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 {\texttimes} 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size; 100 {\r A} pore size) column; the mobile phase of the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5\% aqueous phosphoric acid (11.5:88.5 v/v); the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and determination wavelength of 327 nm. Results: The proposed HPLC method has been developed and validated. The calibration curve was y = 28328x + 16610 (R2 = 0.9997). The intra-day and inter-day precision and intermediate precision were validated with the RSD less than 5\%. The mean recovery rate of the method ranged from 95\% to 104\%, with the RSD less than 5\%. The LOD and LQD values were 0.049 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively. The content of CGA in L. drymoglossoides approximately reached 0.24\% (v/v) by the proposed extraction and determination methods. Conclusion: The assay method was simple, convenient, and accurate to the quantification of CGA and can be used for the quality control of the herb.

}, keywords = {Chlorogenic acid, High performance liquid chromatography, Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae, TLC.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.99076}, author = {Jiagen Wen and Liqun Kang and Huan Liu and Yiyun Xiao and Xiuzhen Zhang and Yuxiang Chen} } @article {624, title = {A Validated UV-HPLC Method for Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {July,2012}, pages = {148-153}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {148}, abstract = {

Background: Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching (L. drymoglossoides), a member of the Polypodiaceae family, was used in the treatment of numerous diseases. However, none of the potential ingredients and the quality control methods concerning this plant medicine was pronounced. Objective: To identify chlorogenic acid (CGA) from L. drymoglossoides and develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of CGA. Materials and Methods: UV, TLC, and HPLC were utilized to identify the phytochemicals of L. drymoglossoides and determine the CGA content, respectively. The HPLC conditions were as following: a Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) (250 {\texttimes} 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 μm particle size; 100 {\r A} pore size) column; the mobile phase of the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5\% aqueous phosphoric acid (11.5:88.5 v/v); the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and determination wavelength of 327 nm. Results: The proposed HPLC method has been developed and validated. The calibration curve was y = 28328x + 16610 (R2 = 0.9997). The intra-day and inter-day precision and intermediate precision were validated with the RSD less than 5\%. The mean recovery rate of the method ranged from 95\% to 104\%, with the RSD less than 5\%. The LOD and LQD values were 0.049 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively. The content of CGA in L. drymoglossoides approximately reached 0.24\% (v/v) by the proposed extraction and determination methods. Conclusion: The assay method was simple, convenient, and accurate to the quantification of CGA and can be used for the quality control of the herb.

}, keywords = {Chlorogenic acid, High performance liquid chromatography, Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching, Polypodiaceae, TLC}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.99076}, author = {Jiagen Wen and Liqun Kang and Huan Liu and Yiyun Xiao and Xiuzhen Zhang and Yuxiang Chen} }