@article {1374, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Borassus flabellifer L. Sprouts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {272-276}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {272}, abstract = {

Background: Various plant parts are utilized in traditional medicine for their therapeutic capabilities. Borassus flabellifer is popularly referred to as double palm, Palmyra palm, or toddy palm. The tree{\textquoteright}s young roots have been utilized to serve as anti-parasitic and diuretic and root decoction serves to treat gastritis and respiratory conditions. Objectives: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Borassus flabellifer sprouts, the quantification of phenol and flavonoid in petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Borassus flabellifer sprouts. Also, to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Borassus flabellifer sprouts. Materials and Methods: To find important phytoconstituents, freshly made plant extracts were put through both quantitative as well as qualitative phytochemical screening procedures. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay to assess various extracts. Results: Numerous phytochemicals, including alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, coumarins and saponins are found in various B. flabellifer extractions. The largest quantity of phenol is found in aqueous extracts, also the highest concentration of flavonoids is found in aqueous extracts of B. flabellifer. In vitro, B. flabellifer ethanol extracts had noticeably higher antioxidant activity than other extracts. Conclusion: Nevertheless, presence of several phytochemicals gave all plant extracts antioxidant properties. The latest study makes it easier for researchers to find and separate novel bioactive substances wit

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Borassus flabellifer, Phytochemical, radical scavenging, Rutin}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252040}, author = {Agna Cheruvathoor Shaju and Archana Dasan and Nandana Arikanniyoor Vineethan and Shibla Nargees and Steji Francis and Anu Chalakkal Benny and Sheeja Thomas Tharakan} } @article {498, title = {Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Stem Bark Extract and Fractions of Petersianthus macrocarpus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {181-185}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

Background: Petersianthus macrocarpus (Lecythidaceae) is widely used in the folk medicine in Nigeria to relieve pain and fever associated with malaria. This study evaluated the analgesic and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and fractions of the stem bark of the plant. Materials and Methods: The analgesic activity was determined in mice using hotplate and acetic acid-induced writhing models. Morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and aspirin (100 mg/ml, p.o.) were used as reference analgesic agents. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical; reducing power, iron chelating properties and determination of total phenolic content. Results: The extract at 200 and 500 mg/kg, produced an insignificant (P \> 0.05) increase in pain threshold in hotplate but a significant (P \< 0.05) increase at 1000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (P \< 0.05) reduced the writhing induced by acetic acid in mice in a dose dependent manner. Fractionation increased the analgesic activities significantly (P \< 0.05) in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (200 mg/kg). The extract demonstrated strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 0.05 mg/ml, good reducing power and weak iron chelating activities. The total phenol content was 142.32 mg/gin term of gallic acid. The antioxidant effects were more pronounced in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the extract has strong analgesic and antioxidant activities which reside mainly in the polar fractions thus confirming the traditional use of the plant to alleviate pains.

}, keywords = {Anti-nociceptive, Lecythidaceae, Pain, radical scavenging, writhing}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.182912}, author = {Celestina Ifeoma Orabueze and Sunday Adeleke Adesegun and Herbert Alexander Coker} } @article {514, title = {In vitro Antioxidant Activities and Polyphenol Contents of Seven Commercially Available Fruits}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {258-264}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {258}, abstract = {

Background: Fruits are considered one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Their consumption has been linked to the prevention of oxidative stress-induced diseases. Objective: In this study, in vitro antioxidant activities of blueberry, jackfruit, blackberry, black raspberry, red raspberry, strawberry, and California table grape extracts were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (O2 -) scavenging assays, and ferric reducing power. Results: Black raspberry extract had the highest phenolic (965.6 {\textpm} 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g), flavonoid (186.4 {\textpm} 1.7 mg quercetin equivalents/g), and proanthocyanidin (2677 {\textpm} 71.1 mg GAE/g) contents. All fruit extracts exhibited increasing radical scavenging activities with increased concentrations. At 100 μg/ml, red raspberry extract showed the highest ferric reducing power (A700 = 0.3 {\textpm} 0.0052) and FRAP activity (A593 = 11.43 mM Fe2+/g). Black raspberry extract (100 μg/ml) exhibited the highest DPPH activity (A517 = 89.03 {\textpm} 0.0471). Jackfruit extract (100 μg/ml) had the highest ABTS (A734 = 35.6 {\textpm} 0.613), NO (A540 = 81.7 {\textpm} 0.2), and O2 - radical scavenging (A230 = 55.5 {\textpm} 0.2) activities. Positive correlations were observed between IC50 values for different radical scavenging activities and different polyphenolics. Red raspberry extract had the highest Pearson{\textquoteright}s coefficient values (0.952{\textendash}1) between total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins and DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Conclusions: The antioxidant rich fruits in this study are good source of functional food and nutraceuticals that have the potential to improve human health.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Flavonoids, IC50, Phenols, Proanthocyanidins, radical scavenging}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188875}, author = {Paramita Basu and Camelia Maier} } @article {585, title = {Antiproliferative and phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of ten Apocynaceae species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {June,2011}, pages = {100-106}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {100}, abstract = {

Background: The anticancer properties of Apocynaceae species are well known in barks and roots but less so in leaves. Materials and Methods: In this study, leaf extracts of 10 Apocynaceae species were assessed for antiproliferative (APF) activities using the sulforhodamine B assay. Their extracts were also analyzed for total alkaloid content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) using the Dragendorff precipitation, Folin-Ciocalteu, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Results: Leaf extracts of Alstonia angustiloba, Calotropis gigantea, Catharanthus roseus, Nerium oleander, Plumeria obtusa, and Vallaris glabra displayed positive APF activities. Extracts of Allamanda cathartica, Cerbera odollam, Dyera costulata, and Kopsia fruticosa did not show any APF activity. Dichloromethane (DCM) extract of C. gigantea, and DCM and DCM:MeOH extracts of V. glabra showed strong APF activities against all six human cancer cell lines. Against breast cancer cells of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, DCM extracts of C. gigantea and N. oleander were stronger than or comparable to standard drugs of xanthorrhizol, curcumin, and tamoxifen. All four extracts of N. oleander were effective against MCF-7 cells. Extracts of Kopsia fruticosa had the highest TAC while those of Dyera costulata had the highest TPC and RSA. Extracts of C. gigantea and V. glabra inhibited the growth of all six cancer cell lines while all extracts of N. oleander were effective against MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Extracts of C. gigantea, V. glabra, and N. oleander therefore showed great promise as potential candidates for anticancer drugs. The wide-spectrum APF activities of these three species are reported for the first time and their bioactive compounds warrant further investigation.

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative, Apocynaceae, radical scavenging, Total alkaloid content, Total phenolic content}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.81957}, author = {Siu Kuin Wong and Yau Yan Lim, and Noor Rain Abdullah and Fariza Juliana Nordin} }