@article {1105, title = {Formulation and in-vitro Antidiabetic Assessment of Plumbago zeylanica Root Extract Containing Tablet}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {56-63}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {56}, abstract = {

The plant processed herbal formulation have significant role in drug discovery, same time phytoconstituents have high pharmacological potential to treat the various ailments such as diabetes or chronic hyperglycemia. The present research aims to explore and investigate the antidiabetic potential of roots of hyperglycemia Linn. During the study pharmacognosy and formulation of herbal tablet has been done. Fresh roots of plant were collected, two enzymes named as alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase were obtained from Sigma Aldric. Extraction and fractionation along with phytochemical screening was performed Herbal tablets were made using the direct compression method. The n-butanol fraction of plant extract was mixed with the excipients and compressed into tablets. Different batches of formulations were prepared by dry granulation technique. The maximum in vitro dissolution was found to be with formulation F2 that exhibit the extreme proportion of accumulative release of drug (93.96\%) due to the optimized concentration of PVP and Chitosan and the formulations F2 has potent Antidiabetic Activity and also have antioxidant potential that was performed in this study. Plant extract has been used to formulate herbal tablets. From all five batches of tablets one batch (F2) was found to be best formulation and this was used to investigate the Antidiabetic activity as well as antioxidant activity also. The plants have potential to treat hormonal disorders also hence it can be used to treat the endocrine metabolic disorders.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Chitosan, Endocrine, Hyperglycemia, in vitro, n-butanol., α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/097484900211}, author = {Aakash Partap Singh and Sunil Kumar and Manjusha Chudhary and Dinesh Kumar and Beena Kumari and Bhuwanendra Singh and Renu and Manish Kumar} } @article {84, title = {Phytochemical Analysis, Antidiabetic Potential and in-silico Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {June 2021}, pages = {140-148}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {140}, abstract = {

Background: The increasing frequency of diabetes patients and the reported side effects of commercially available anti-hyperglycemic drugs have gathered the attention of researchers towards the search for new therapeutic approaches. Inhibition of activities of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes is one of the approaches to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate phytochemicals, antioxidants, digestive enzymes inhibitory effect, and molecular docking of potent extract. Materials and Methods: In this study, we carry out the substratebased α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia ciliata, Calotropis gigantea, Mimosa pudica, Phyllanthus emblica, and Solanum nigrum along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoids contents. Likewise, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging of DPPH radical. Additionally, antibacterial activity was also studied by Agar well diffusion method. Molecular docking of bioactive compounds from B. ciliata was performed via AutoDock vina. Results: B. ciliata, M. pudica, and P. emblica exhibit significant inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 (μg/ml) of (2.24 {\textpm} 0.01, 46.19 {\textpm} 1.06), (35.73 {\textpm} 0.65, 99.93 {\textpm} 0.9) and (8.12 {\textpm} 0.29, no significant activity) respectively indicating a good source for isolating a potential drug candidate for diabetes. These plant extracts also showed significant antioxidant activity with the IC50 ranges from 13.2 to 26.5 μg/mL along with the significant antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusion: Bergenia extract appeared to be a potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor. Further research should be carried out to characterize inhibitor compounds.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Medicinal plants, Molecular docking, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/pres.13.3.6}, author = {Basanta Kumar Sapkota and Karan Khadayat and Bikash Adhikari and Darbin Kumar Poudel and Purushottam Niraula and Prakriti Budhathoki and Babita Aryal and Kusum Basnet and Mandira Ghimire and Rishab Marahatha and Niranjan Parajuli} } @article {154, title = {Effect of a Thai Folk Recipe on Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activities, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition by Different Solvent Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {225-229}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {225}, abstract = {

Context: Thai traditional medicine (TTM) has been widely use to treatment of various diseases. Aims: The aims of this study were determined on phytochemical screening, antioxidations, and α-glucosidase inhibition by different solvent extractions. Materials and Methods: The five medicinal plants from a TTM recipe were extracted using aqueous, 50\% ethanol and 95\% ethanol. The phytochemical screening were determined on total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. Their antioxidant activities were tested using by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Glucose transferase mechanism was evaluated using by α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Results: The results found that the recipe was ingredient with TPC and TFC. The aqueous extract (AE) (47.955 {\textpm} 0.256 mgGE/gExt) was significantly highest amount on TPC while, the ethanolic extract (EE) (1.988 {\textpm} 0.038 mgQE/gExt) was showed significantly highest amount on TFC. The antioxidations, DPPH, and the AE (IC50 = 0.227 {\textpm} 0.005) were significantly more potent on free radical scavenging. ABTS+, AE (IC50 = 0.148 {\textpm} 0.007), Hydro-ethanolic extract (HEE) (IC50 = 0.161 {\textpm} 0.008), and EE (IC50 = 0.151 {\textpm} 0.007) were not different on this method. FRAP, EE (12.681 {\textpm} 0.620 mgTE/gEt) were significantly more potent on cation radical reducing. The α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, AE (IC50 = 0.021 {\textpm} 0.002 mg/mL) and HEE (IC50 = 0.076 {\textpm} 0.003 mg/mL) were significantly more potent on EE (IC50 = 0.292 {\textpm} 0.010 mg/mL) and Acarbose{\textregistered} (IC50 = 1.05 {\textpm} 0.110 mg/mL). Conclusion: The study confirms traditional use of a Thai folk herbal plants on antioxidation and α-glucosidase inhibition. The recipe was contained with also TPC and TFC might be more potential to antioxidant activities and anti-α-glucoxidase enzyme. Future study, we should be performed to clarify the mechanisms, major active compounds and in vivo.

}, keywords = {Antioxidation, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Thai folk recipe, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_100_19}, author = {Anirut Namwong and Pramote Thongkrajai and Ampa Konsue} } @article {251, title = {Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Leaves from Annona cherimola Miller and Rutin on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {1-6}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Background: Annona cherimola, known as {\textquotedblleft}chirimoya{\textquotedblright} has been reported in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Objective: The aims of the present study were to validate and assess the traditional use of A. cherimola as an antidiabetic agent. Materials and Methods: The ethanol extract from A. cherimola (300 mg/ kg, EEAc), subsequent fractions (100 mg/kg), and rutin (30 mg/kg) were studied on alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic (AITD) and normoglycemic rats. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) were performed in normoglycemic rats. Molecular docking technique was used to conduct the computational study. Results: Bioassay-guided fractionation of EEAc afforded as major antihyperglycemic compound, rutin. EEAc attenuated postprandial hyperglycemia in acute test using AITD rats (331.5 mg/dL) carrying the glycemic levels to 149.2 mg/ dL. Rutin after 2 h, attenuated postprandial hyperglycemia in an acute assay using AITD rats such as EEAc, with maximum effect (150.0 mg/dL) being seen at 4 h. The antihyperglycemic activities of EEAc and rutin were comparable with acarbose (151.3 mg/dL). In the subchronic assay on AITD rats, the EEAc and rutin showed a reduction of the blood glucose levels since the 1st week of treatment, reaching levels similar to normoglycemic state (116.9 mg/kg) that stayed constant for the rest of the assay. OGTT and OSTT showed that EEAc and rutin significantly lowered blood glucose levels in normoglycemic rats at 2 h after a glucose or sucrose load such as acarbose. Computational molecular docking showed that rutin interacted with four amino acids residues in the enzyme α-glucosidase. Conclusion: The results suggest that rutin an α-glucosidase inhibitor was responsible in part of the antihyperglycemic activity of A. cherimola. Its in vivo antihyperglycemic activity is in good agreement with the traditional use of A. cherimola for the treatment of diabetes.

}, keywords = {Annona cherimola Miller, Annonaceae, Rutin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, α-Glucosidase}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.199781}, author = {Fernando Calzadax and Fernando Calzada and Jes{\'u}s Iv{\'a}n Solares-Pascasio and RM Ordo{\~n}ez-Razox and RM Ordo{\~n}ez-Razo and Claudia Velazquez and Elizabeth Barbosa and Normand Garc{\'\i}a-Hern{\'a}ndez and David Mendez-Luna and Jos{\'e} Correa-Basurto} }