@article {1397, title = {Bioactive Compounds in Inocutis levis and their Cytotoxic Effects on MCF-7 and HT-29 Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {608-618}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {608}, abstract = {

Background and Objectives: Fungi are undeniable sources of all types of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds. Inocutis levis is a polypore fungus belonging to Hymenochaetales of basidiomycetes. This study aimed to identify the compounds in the extract and investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Inocutis levis on different cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29 and HFF). Materials and Methods: The extract was obtained by rotary evaporator and LC/MS was used to identify the compounds in the extract. The cytotoxic effect of Inocutis levis against MCF-7, HT-29 and HFF cells was evaluated using MTT assay, 24 and 48 hr after the addition of the extract. Also, flow cytometry analysis was carried out to study the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.Results: The LC/ MS assay data showed that the mushroom extract contains antioxidant compounds. Based on the MTT test, Inocutis levis extract did not decrease the viability of non-cancerous HFF cells. Still, it was able to inhibit the growth and increase the death in HT-29 cells at a concentration of 100 μg/mL after 24 and 48 hr (p\<0.05) also, MCF-7 cells at concentrations of 1 and 10 and 100 μg/ mL after 24 and 48 hr (p\<0.05). Evaluation of the cell cycle 48 hr after adding the extract by flow cytometry, showed that the mushroom extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Inocutis levis contains antioxidant compounds and can inhibit the growth of HT-29 and especially MCF-7 cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis.

}, keywords = {anticancer, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, HT-29, Inocutis levis, LC/MS, MCF-7}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252069}, author = {Fereshteh Mir Mohammad Rezaei and Fatemeh Tavakoli and Maryam Kiaei and Vahid Ramezani and Amin Zarezadeh and Masoumeh Ghobad-Nejhad} } @article {1414, title = {The Ocean{\textquoteright}s Treasure Trove: Bioactive Compounds from Sea Sponges}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {452-461}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {452}, abstract = {

Sea sponges are among the oldest living creatures on Earth that have evolved complex chemical defenses to thrive in the ocean{\textquoteright}s competitive environment. These marine animals have developed an impressive array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications. This article explores bioactive compounds derived from sea sponges, showcasing their remarkable therapeutic potential. The article begins by introducing the fascinating world of sea sponges, highlighting their unique biology and ecology. We then delve into the various bioactive compounds isolated from sea sponges. The review highlights the anticancer properties of sea sponge-derived compounds demonstrating their potential in cancer treatment. We also explore their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, showcasing their potential in combating infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders. The article further discusses the challenges and opportunities in harnessing the bioactive potential of sea sponges. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists, and students interested in marine biomedicine and natural product drug discovery.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, anticancer, Bioactive compounds, Drug Discovery, Marine biomedicine, Sea sponges, Therapeutic potential}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252085}, author = {Sheetal Sadguru Samant and Anvay Ashok Satpute and Mikhil Prasad Mayekar and Shamita Shamsundar Loke and Shweta Nitin Bhatkar and Mohammad Saad Golandaj and Tanvi Deepak Rawool and Vijay Arjun Jagtap} } @article {1436, title = {Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Insights of Anisomeles malabarica Leaf Extracts: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {769-777}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {769}, abstract = {

Anisomeles malabarica, a medicinal plant native to India and Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used to treat various health issues, including fever, wounds, respiratory, and digestive disorders. This review provides an overview of the bioactive compounds found in the leaves of Anisomeles malabarica and their therapeutic applications. Leaves are rich in diverse classes of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, sterols, and essential oils. The extraction methods used in the study include maceration and Soxhlet extraction, and their chemical compositions form the basis of their pharmacological activities. It shows excellent antimicrobial activity against many fungi and bacteria. These anti-inflammatory effects may explain the observed antiepileptic effects. The strong antioxidant properties of A. malabarica stemming from its flavonoids and phenolic compounds allows for the possibility of treating diseases concerning oxidative stress. Traditionally, Anisomeles malabarica has shown promise in the management of diabetes and malaria. Certainly, in view of its therapeutic value, the operational challenges in this study include variations in bioactive compound quantities, the absence of standardized extraction methods, and clinical inadequacy. Future recommendations should include extensive metabolomic studies, standardization of extraction and purification methods, clinical trials, and assessment of mechanisms related to behavioral effects to substantiate its health claims in modern science for safety and efficacy for human consumption.

}, keywords = {Anisomeles malabarica, anticancer, Antimicrobial, Bioactive compounds, Therapeutic applications.}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252254}, author = {Madhivardhana. P and Kiranvikas. E and Ziya Huq Khan. Z and Mangal Raj. S} } @article {1055, title = {Tinospora cordifolia Stem Extract-mediated Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and its Biological Applications}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {289-296}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {289}, abstract = {

Background: According to a literature review Tinospora cordifolia possess alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and steroids with anti-cancer potential. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence on the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from the stem of T. cordifolia and its biological activities. Objectives: This study is intended to synthesize Selenium Nanoparticles using T. cordifolia stem extract, characterise them, and evaluate them in-vitro for antioxidant and anticancer activity. Materials and Methods: The T. cordifolia Selenium Nanoparticles (TC-SeNPs) were synthesised by reducing selenious acid with T. cordifolia stem extract. TC-SeNPs were characterized by UV{\textendash}Vis, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX and ICP-AES, further evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging test and reducing power capacity. The MTT assay of TC-SeNP was carried out in-vitro in the human breast cancer cells line (MCF-7) to determine the anticancer activity. Results: The UV-spectroscopy of TC-SeNPs showed maximum absorbance at 285 nm, which is the characteristic feature of SeNP. According to DLS, SEM, and TEM images, the size of TC-SeNPs was between 100-200 nm and was stable with a Zeta potential of -23.9mV. XRD analysis confirmed the crystallinity of TC-SeNPs. Selenium in TC-SeNP was verified in EDAX analysis (63.36\% weight) and ICP-AES 68.08 {\textpm}12.2 μg/ml selenium content. The IC50 value 28.62 {\textpm} 0.63 μg/mL and EC50 (62.50 {\textpm} 1.21 μg/mL) values indicated that the TC-SeNPs possess significant antioxidant capacity. MTT assay showed TC-SeNPs were cytotoxic to MCF-7 cell with IC50 values (31.29 {\textpm} 0.22μg/mL), suggesting that TC-SeNPs display moderate cytotoxicity that could dose-dependently inhibit cell proliferation. Conclusion: Thus, experimental evidence provides insight into the successful synthesis of the selenium nanoparticle from the stem of T. cordifolia, its potential therapeutic value, and the prospect of developing an anti-cancer TC-SeNPs formulation.

}, keywords = {anticancer, Antioxidant, Green synthesis, Phytonanoparticles, Selenium nanoparticles, Tinospora cordifolia}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.3.42}, author = {Abhijeet Puri and Swati Patil} } @article {484, title = {Characterization of Anticancer Principles of Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {97-104}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {97}, abstract = {

Background: An Indian origin, Celosia argentea is a weed growing during rainy season traditionally claimed for treating several ailments. Early researches on C. argentea were focused on the anti-cancer screening of seeds, with few reports on aerial parts. Objective: To isolate and characterize bioactive compounds of aerial parts of C. argentea and evaluate their anticancer potential. Materials and Methods: The methanolic aerial part extract was fractionated on column chromatography using chloroform: methanol mixture. The fractions; 80:20 and 95:5 were purified on MCI-HP20 HPLC column. Chromatographically pure compounds were pooled, concentrated and characterized spectroscopically. The compounds were further screened for antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Results: Isolated compounds were confirmed as: (1) Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and (2) phenolic, 1-(4-hydroxy- 2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. Both exhibited significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 20.80 and 21.30 μg/ml for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (***P \< 0.001) and significant Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values for 2,2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (*P \< 0.05) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay (****P \< 0.0001). In 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide assay, Compound 1 and 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against SiHa, HCT, MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 20 μg/ml (****P \< 0.0001) and 18 μg/ml (**P \< 0.01), respectively, without affecting the normal Vero cells. Both compounds enabled maximum reduction in cell viability at 50 μg/ml against HT-29 (***P \< 0.001) and MCF-7 cell lines (**P \< 0.01) in try pan blue viability assay. Apoptosis occurred at concentrations of 47.33 {\textpm} 0.8 μg/ml and 56.28 {\textpm} 1.2 μg/ml for Compound 1 and 35.15 {\textpm} 0.4 μg/ml and 28.05 {\textpm} 0.3 μg/ml for Compound 2 for HT-29 and MCF-7 respectively. Conclusion: A novel anticancer phenolic compound; (1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane- 1,3-dione), isolated from aerial parts of C. argentea was a valuable finding of the research.

}, keywords = {2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylDPPH, 3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromideMTT, anti-oxidant, anticancer, Celosia argentea}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.172659}, author = {Rukhsana A. Rub and Manohar J. Pati and Areej A. Siddiqui and Alpana S. Moghe and Nasreen N. Shaikh} } @article {861, title = {Anti-leukemia Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Lantana camara}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {274-279}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {274}, abstract = {

Anticancer effect of Lantana camara{\textquoteright}s root and leaf extracts against Jurkat leukemia cell line was investigated by MTT assay. These extracts had statistically similar antineoplastic property (root IC50, 328.36 {\textpm} 53.08 μg/ml; leaf, 394.41 {\textpm} 99.73 μg/ml; p \> 0.1, n = 3), averagely 1/10 times as activity as carboplatin (IC50 34.83 {\textpm} 3.60 μg/ml; p \< 0.05, n = 3). Decreasing cytotoxicity at higher concentrations implied the existence of cytoprotective compounds. Morphological examinations indicated apoptosis induction as the mechanism of activity on Jurkat cells. In conclusion, L. camara{\textquoteright}s root and leaf extracts might be subjects for further fractionation and identification to find new anticancer agents.

}, keywords = {anticancer, Cell Culture, Jurkat Cell Line, Lantana camara, MTT assay}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Badakhshan Mahdi Pour and Sreenivasan Sasidharan and Rameshwar Naidu Jegathambigai and Ramanathan Surash} }