@article {510, title = {High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method Development, Validation, and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds Identified in Standardized Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {August 2016}, pages = {238-243}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {238}, abstract = {

Context: Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb widely grown in Southeast Asia and tropical countries. It has been used traditionally as a diuretic, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation, gout, and hypertension. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), 3{\textquoteright}-hydroxy-5,6,7,4{\textquoteright}-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensitin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) found in ethanol, 50\% ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves. Materials and Methods: HPTLC method was conducted using an HPTLC system with a developed mobile phase system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (3:7:0.1) performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity, respectively. The detection of spots was observed at ultraviolet 254 nm and 366 nm. Results: The linearity of RA, TMF, SIN, and EUP were obtained between 10 and 100 ng/spot with high correlation coefficient value (R2) of more than 0.986. The limit of detection was found to be 122.47 {\textpm} 3.95 (RA), 43.38 {\textpm} 0.79 (SIN), 17.26 {\textpm} 1.16 (TMF), and 46.80 {\textpm} 1.33 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Whereas the LOQ was found to be 376.44 {\textpm} 6.70 (RA), 131.45 {\textpm} 2.39 (SIN), 52.30 {\textpm} 2.01 (TMF), and 141.82 {\textpm} 1.58 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, and high sensitivity. Hence, it may be applied in a routine quantification of RA, SIN, TMF, and EUP found in ethanol, 50\% of ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves.

}, keywords = {Eupatorin, High-performance thin-layer chromatography, Orthosiphon stamineus, Rosmarinic acid, Sinensitin, Validation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.188872}, author = {Suzana Hashim and Hooi Kheng Beh and Mohamad Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil and Zhari Ismail and Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid} } @article {384, title = {A novel reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for standardization of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2014}, pages = {23-31}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {23}, abstract = {

Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used in treating various ailments such as kidney diseases, bladder inflammation, arthritis and diabetes. The leaves contain high concentration of phenolic compounds, thus, rosmarinic acid (RA), 3{\textquoteright}-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4{\textquoteright}-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensetin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) were chosen as a marker compounds for standardization of various O. stamineus leaf extracts. Objectives: The aim was to develop and validate a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of 4 marker compounds (RA, TMF, SIN, EUP) in various O. stamineus leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The method was developed and validated using RP-HPLC-diode-array detection at 320 nm for accuracy, precision and limits of detection and was applied for quantification of it markers in five different extracts prepared in solvents with increasing polarity, using a gradient mobile phase 0.1\% formic acid: Acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 ml/min on reverse phase acclaim polar advantage II C18 column (3 {\textmu}m, 3 {\texttimes} 150 mm) with 18 min separation time. Results: The developed method provided satisfactory precision, and the accuracy of this method was in the range of 90.2\% to 105.5\%. All of 4 compounds showed good linearity at R2 \> 0.999. Conclusion: The developed method is a simple, cost effective with shorter run time (18 min) in comparison to previous methods (30 min) and utilization of environmental-friendly solvents system. Therefore, this method has the potential to replace currently used methods in the routine standardization work of O. stamineus extracts, raw materials and its commercial products.

}, keywords = {3{\textquoteright}-hydroxy-5, 4{\textquoteright}-tetramethoxyflavone, 6, 7, Eupatorin, Orthosiphon stamineus, Rosmarinic acid, Sinensetin.}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.147195}, author = {Noor Hafizoh Saidan and Abdalrahim F.A. Aisha and Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil and Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid and Zhari Ismail} } @article {877, title = {Analysis of Total Proteins, Polysaccharides and Glycosaponins Contents of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. In Spray and Freeze Dried Methanol: Water(1:1) extract and its Contribution to Cytotoxic and Antiangiogenic Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {302-326}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {320}, abstract = {

Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), Benth, (Lamiaceae), popularly known as Java tea, is a useful traditional medicinal herb cultivated largely in Malaysia and in Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate the primary metabolic contents, cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of freeze dried and spray dried extracts of the OS methanol: water (1:1). Primary metabolic contents were evaluated for total proteins, total polysaccharides and glycosaponins (P\<0.05). Freeze dried extract showed high content of proteins and glycosaponins while contents of polysaccharides were high in spray dried extracts. Cytotoxicity was detected by MTT assay using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and anti angiogenesis assay was performed on rat aorta. Both extract showed moderate cytotoxic activity using extract in high and medium concentration. Freeze dried extract showed strong antiangiogenic activity while spray dried extract showed no activity. A significant change in total proteins of freeze dried extract may be the reason for strong antiangiogenic activity.

}, keywords = {Antiangiogenesis, cytotoxicity, Glycosaponins, Orthosiphon stamineus, Polysaccharides, Proteins}, doi = {Nil}, author = {Siddiqui M.J and Hafizoh S. N and Ismail Z. and Sahib H.B and Helal M.H.S and Majid A.M.S Abdul} } @article {735, title = {Anti-hepatotoxicity Effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury in Rats by Enhancing Hepatic GST Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {1}, year = {2009}, month = {January 2010 }, pages = {53-58}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

The present study was undertaken to assess the sub-chronic (14-day treatment) effect of oral administration of O. stamineus on hepatic drug metabolising enzymes and the protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Healthy male SD rats weighing 200 g {\textpm} 10 g were used throughout the experiments. Isolated hepatocytes and liver cytosolic fraction were used to examine the effect of O. stamineus on the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase and glutathione-S-transferase respectively. Hepatoprotective effect of O. stamineus was judged by comparing the serum levels of hepatic markers, i.e. AST, ALT and ALP and the percentage of hepatocytes viability between O. stamineus treatment groups and acetaminophen (APAP) control group. O. stamineus extract at 125 mg/kg (P\<0.01) and 500 mg/kg (P\<0.01) exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect by restoring the elevation of serum levels of AST and ALT and increased the percentage of hepatocytes viability in rats. The hepatoprotective effect exhibited by O. stamineus at dose 500 mg/kg was comparable to silymarin at dose 20 mg/kg in acetaminophen-induced liver injury rats. The activity of GST was 17\% higher in the rats treated with 500 mg/kg (P\<0.01) of O. stamineus compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in body weigh gained, food consumption, water intake and relative organ weight between the treatment group and the control group. Methanol extract of O. stamineus protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats by enhancing the activity of GST in liver.

}, keywords = {Acetaminophen, Glutathione-S-transferase, Hepatoprotective, Orthosiphon stamineus, Serum enzymes}, doi = {Nil}, author = {J.H. Chin and A.H. Hussin and S. Ismail} }