@article {1176, title = {Piper pedicellatum C. DC. Leaf Methanol Extract Inhibits Edema and Granuloma and Modulates Mediators and Cytokines in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {679-686}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {679}, abstract = {

Background: Piper pedicellatum is an ethnomedicinal plant used in various inflammatory conditions by many ethnic groups and exploration of its therapeutic potentials is imperative. Objective: This study was carried out to assess anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of the plant leaves using in vivo experiments to validate the traditional uses. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced paw edema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma models were used to investigate into the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extract in rats at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) is used as reference standard. Serum levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines, hematological and serum hepatic enzyme indices were analyzed in granuloma-induced model. Results: The methanol extract suppressed Carrageenan-induced paw edema significantly at different time intervals. The highest percentage inhibition was observed at 3rd hr after Carrageenan injection, which was 42.67\% and 49.33\% for 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose of the extract respectively. In granuloma-induced model, the methanol extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose inhibited exudate formation by 28.58\% and 41.27\%, respectively and inhibition of granuloma tissue was 32.45\% and 43.71\%, respectively along with significant decrement in serum C-reactive protein, Prostaglandin E2, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 while increases in Interleukin-10 levels. Also, the results showed hematological and serum hepatic enzyme levels were rectified to near normal levels in treated rats. Conclusion: The outcome of the investigation reveals the potential of extract as possible anti-inflammatory agent, which can be develop into therapeutic agent or supplement and also necessitates further pharmacological studies on the plant.

}, keywords = {Cytokines, Edema, Granuloma, Interleukins, Piper pedicellatum C. DC}, doi = {10.5530/pres.15.4.072}, author = {Dev Jyoti Kalita and Kangkan Deka and Ngurzampuii Sailo and Sanjoy Das and Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti} } @article {76, title = {Ulcerative Colitis Induced with Acetic Acid is Ameliorated by Antrocaryon micraster through Reduced Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-6 in Sprague Dawley Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {85-91}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {85}, abstract = {

Background: Antrocaryon micraster possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties are shared by medicinal plants that have demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Objectives: To assess the effect of the total ethanol stem bark of A. micraster extract (AME) on damage to the rat colon in acetic acid-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: Rats were pretreated with sulphasalazine 500 mg/kg or AME 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg daily for 3 days after which colitis was induced in test animals with acetic acid (4\% V/V). Rats were sacrificed 24 h later and blood samples were obtained for hematological and cytokine assays. Colons were dissected for assessment of macroscopic and microscopic damage. Results: AME treatment modified hematological parameters and reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Macroscopic assessment showed that AME reduced mucosal erythema, edema, erosions, bleeding, and ulceration. Histology showed preserved mucosal architecture, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased mucosal thickening, preserved goblet cell numbers, and inhibition of mast cell proliferation and degranulation in the colons. Conclusion: Taken together, the total ethanol stem bark AME exerts ameliorative effects on damage to the rat colon in acetic acid-induced colitis.

}, keywords = {Acetic acid-induced colitis, Antrocaryon micraster, Cytokines, Inflammation, Mast cells}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_75_19}, author = {Leslie Brian Essel and David Darko Obiri and Newman Osafo and Aaron Opoku Antwi and Moses Babatunde Duduyemi} } @article {295, title = {Anti-inflammatory Effect of Procumbenoside B from Justicia spicigera on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {April 2018}, pages = {218-224}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {218}, abstract = {

Background: Justicia spicigera is widely used in the Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of procumbenoside B (PB) from J. spicigera on pro-inflammatory mediators. Materials and Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and Zebrafish model were used to assess the potential anti-inflammatory effects of PB; its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The production of inflammatory mediators such as interferon-β, prostaglandin E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-12, cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NO production was measured using Griess reagent. Results: In LPS-induced-inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, PB strongly inhibited secretion of all pro-inflammatory mediators test and increased the production of IL-10 and blockade of NF-κB. In addition, PB suppressed LPS-stimulated nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation in a zebrafish model. Conclusion: These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of PB may be attributed to the downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Cytokines, Justicia spicigera, Macrophage model, Procumbenoside B, Zebrafish model}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_97_17}, author = {Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez and Jose Maria Mota Flores and Adriana Maria Neira Gonzalez} }