@article {1258, title = {Camel Milk Supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Improve Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Antioxidative Status in Animal Model of Cardiovascular Disorders}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {483-489}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {483}, abstract = {

Background: Despite of advancement in the technology and an improvement in handing of patients with atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) but the mortality associated with them remains to be highest in all over the globe. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has now been considered to be a best indicator for the analysis of atherosclerosis and CVDs. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of Fermented camel Milk (FM) and Fenugreek seed powder (FG) on the animal model of CVDs. Materials and Methods: The animal models of atherosclerosis and CVDs were made by feeding of rats with high fat and cholesterol diets and the effect of FM supplemented with FG either alone or in a combination (FGFM) were tested on the lipid profile and AIP by Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity, Total Cholesterol (TC) and small dense Low-Density Lipoprotein (sd-LDL). Results: The data revealed that FM, FG and their combination potentially increased in TAC level (p\<0.05) and decreased in lipid peroxidation via reduction in the serum concentrations of MDA. Whereas, experimental rats on FM were fully restored GPx activity. Moreover, FM and FG and their combination lowered TC and sd-LDL concentrations significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The novel findings of this study clearly indicated that the FG, FM and FGFM have potential in preventing the onset of atherosclerosis and CVDs by reducing the levels of sd-LDL and improving lipids profile, AIP and antioxidant capacity.

}, keywords = {Camel milk, Cardiovascular disorders, Fenugreek, High fat diet, Lipid profile}, doi = {10.5530/pres.16.3.58}, author = {Sami A. Althwab and Thekra A. Alharby and Waleed Al Abdulmonem and Khalid H. Musa and Zafar Rasheed and Abdullah S. M. Aljohani and Mona S. Almujaydil and Bashayr Y. Alghonaim and Nasser A. Alharbi and Ala Al Rajabi and Muhammad Ismail Khan and Nelson Fern{\'a}ndez and Essam M. Hamad} } @article {345, title = {Study of Glucose Uptake Enhancing Potential of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) Leaves Extract on 3T3 L1 Cells Line and Evaluation of its Antioxidant Potential}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {October 2018}, pages = {347-353}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {347}, abstract = {

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing at an alarming rate globally. There is a need for suitable natural alternatives for its treatment, as the regular use of drugs causes several secondary health issues. Aim: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the phenol and flavonoid content; antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of fenugreek seeds and leaves in water and ethanolic extracts. Materials and Methods: Dried and powdered seeds and leaves of fenugreek were treated at different time and temperature combinations (100{\textdegree}C for 10 min; 80{\textdegree}C for 30 min; 60{\textdegree}C for 1 h; 37{\textdegree}C for 6 h; 24{\textdegree}C [room temperature] for 24 h; 100{\textdegree}C for 10 min followed by overnight soaking). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and glucose uptake assays on 3T3-L1 cell lines were performed on the extracts. Results: The results show that fenugreek leaves treated at 100{\textdegree}C for 10 min and overnight soaking yield extracts with the highest concentrations of desired phenols (46.08 {\textpm} 0.15 mg GAE/g sample) and flavonoid content (13.02 {\textpm} 0.44 mg/g sample) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) (45.41 {\textpm} 2.1\%) with enhanced glucose uptake activity in 3T3-L1 cell lines. Conclusion: The phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antidiabetic activity was highest in the water extract of fenugreek leaves treated at 100{\textdegree}C for 10 min and subsequent soaking for 24 h before filtration as compared to the other protocols tested. Furthermore, water extracts showed enhanced activity as compared to the ethanol extracts in case of both seeds and leaves and in all the treatment combinations.

}, keywords = {3T3-L1 cell lines, Antioxidant, Diabetes, Fenugreek, Glucose uptake}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_50_18}, author = {Debarupa Hajra and Santanu Paul} }