@article {340, title = {In vitro Investigation Effects of 4-Hydroxyacetophenone on Rat Thoracic Aorta{\textquoteright}s Vasomotor Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July 2018}, pages = {319-324}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {319}, abstract = {

Background: Z. clinopodioides Lam. is also known as a {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Field Mint{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Seven compounds which have vasodilator activity have been isolated from Z. clinopodioides Lam. and two of them are phenolics compounds and these are acetovanillone, 4-HAP, four of them are flavonoids and these are acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, thymonin, one derivat of cinnamic acid and ethyl 4-coumarate. Objective: In this study, it was aimed that was defined vasodilator activiy mechanisms of fenolic compound 4-HAP on isolated rat thorasic aorta. Material and Method: In this study 40 male adult Sprague Dawley rats were used. Prepared rings were laid out into the 20 ml organ bath with Krebs solution. Rings were stretched by 1g and they were subjected to 1 hour incubation period. In the end of the incubation period, PE, KCI, nifedipine, L-NAME, 4-HAP, SQ22.536, ODQ, ACh, SKF96365, Propranolol, Atropin, TEA, Gibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine and U73122 were implemented to bath with a protocol. Results: Mechanisms of relaxed effect the of 4-HAP were assigned by using antagonists. It was observed that vasorelaksan effect of 4-HAP on endothelilal aorta smooth muscle contractions which had been inductioned by PE under the existance of L-NAME was considerably inhibited. Conclusion: It was stated that 4-HAP relaxed PE and KCI contractions and owing to this activity endothel intact tissues on L-NAME existance notably decreased because of NO pathyway. It is firmly believed that as relaxed effect of 4-HAP declines remarkably under the existance of 4-aminopyridine and nifedipine on endothel denuded aorta rings, activity could be on K+ channel and L-type Ca+2 channel.

}, keywords = {4-hydroxyacetophenone, Aorta, PE, Potassium chloride, Rat}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_11_18}, author = {Volkan Gelen and Fikret {\c C}elebi} } @article {866, title = {Vasorelaxant Effect of Diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata Chloroform Extract on Rat Aortic Rings}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {242-246}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {242}, abstract = {

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible mechanism of the vasorelaxant effect of the Andrographis paniculata chloroform extract (APCE) and diterpenoids, such as, 14-deoxyandrographolide (DA) and 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (DDA), on rat aortic rings. Methods: DA and DDA (10 μM to 40 μM) induce relaxation in the aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl (80 mM). Results: The IC50 values are 40.47 {\textpm} 1.44 and 37.43 {\textpm} 1.41\%, respectively, and this inhibition is antagonized by increasing the Ca2+ concentration in the Kreb{\textquoteright}s medium. The results indicate that APCE, DA, and DDA may have a calcium anatgonist property. APCE, DA, and DDA also relax norepinephrene (NE)-induced sustained contractions with IC50 values 41.63 {\textpm} 1.19, 49.22 {\textpm} 2.76, and 37.46 {\textpm} 1.41\% and this relaxant effect is unaffected by the removal of the endothelium or by the presence of indomethacin and Nω-nitro- L-arginine (L-NAME). Moreover, DA and DDA inhibit the phasic and tonic contractions induced by NE in a concentrationdependent manner and show the most potent inhibition on phasic contraction (P \< 0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that APCE, DA, and DDA pre-treatment presents a more potent inhibition compared to post-treatment, after the tension has reached a steady state. These results suggest that the vasorelaxation of APCE, DA, and DDA direct the inhibition of the calcium influx. The vasorelaxant effect is more active in the calcium independent pathway and more sensitive in the intial stage of contraction.

}, keywords = {12-didehydroandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11, 14-deoxyandrographolide, Andrographis paniculata, Aorta, APCE, Vasorelaxation}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.69125}, author = {RN Sriramaneni and Ameer Z Omar and Salman M IbrahimX and Salman M Ibrahim and Sadikun Amirin and Asmawi Mohd Zaini} }