@article {1386, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Appraisal of Cassia fistula Linn.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {347}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {326}, abstract = {

The health of individuals living in developed and developing countries remain at risk due to the current global environmental pollution scenario, which is alarmingly leading to the rise in infectious and chronic diseases. Also, the health of living communities worldwide is seriously threatened by the rise in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Because of their adverse impacts on patients, the medications now used in the modern medical system aren{\textquoteright}t able to treat diseases, especially those that are resistant, in a way that is both economical and long-lasting. This has made it necessary to keep doing research in order to adequately address the health issues. Hence, medicinal plants are an indisputable asset in the treatment of a wide range of ailments because of its efficiency, low side effect rate and affordability. Due to their ability to alter the body{\textquoteright}s immune system and increase resistance to complicated illnesses, medicinal herbs offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to managing humanity{\textquoteright}s health issues. The Ayurvedic medical system makes considerable use of Cassia fistula Linn. as one of its therapeutic herbs to treat a wide range of diseases. It is widely practiced in India{\textquoteright}s traditional medical system. The tree, which goes by the name "Yellow Shower," is a medium-sized deciduous tree with elongated, rod-shaped fruits that are packed with pulp and vivid yellow blooms. An updated version of its botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemical constituent and pharmacological properties-such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antifertility, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, laxative, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects-are provided in this review. Reviews of pharmacological properties of medicinal plants will yield useful information; hence, Cassia fistula Linn. may yield significant bioactive natural product discoveries that will aid in the development of new pharmaceutical products.

}, keywords = {Cassia fistula Linn., Medicinal plants, Pharmacological properties, Phytochemicals constituents, Secondary metabolites, Traditional uses}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20251970}, author = {Tanvi Jangid and Aditya Jain and Gauri Shankar Bhardwaj and Ram Niwas Jangir} } @article {1415, title = {Exploring the Male Antifertility Potential of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {462-488}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {462}, abstract = {

Population growth is one of the biggest issues facing by the globe today, particularly in developing nations where it will certainly have an impact on the environment, public health and the economy. In market numerous birth control methods available, but due to the harmful effects associated with synthetic and allopathic medicines, herbal alternatives are getting more popular due to their lower cost, easier availability and less side effects. Numerous plants have the ability to act as male contraceptives. Research on medicinal plants is being accelerated in an effort to find a male antifertility drug. This review explores the antifertility potential of medicinal plants, focusing on their effects on male reproductive health. There are several studies which highlight the ability of plant-derived compounds to modulate spermatogenesis, alter hormone levels and impact sperm function. This review reveals a concise overview of research publications of the last decade (2014 to 2024) on medicinal plants that have been shown to exhibit antifertility effects in males. This review also provides details on the botanical names, parts used, types of extracts, doses, durations and the potential antifertility effects of medicinal plant observed in males across various animal studies.

}, keywords = {Contraception, Hormone, Male Antifertility, Medicinal plants, Population}, doi = {10.5530/pres.20252092}, author = {Gauri Shankar Bhardwaj and Aditya Jain and Tanvi Jangid and Ram Niwas Jangir} } @article {1046, title = {Ameliorative Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Extract on the Sex Hormone Profile and Testicular Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {225-232}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {225}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with reproductive impairment. Medicinal plants and herbs are the rich source of antioxidants which may ameliorate diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunctions and could play an important role in the management of diabetes induced male infertility. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of 70\% hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves on sex hormone alterations and testicular dysfunction in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in male rats was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.wt.). The induced diabetic rats were treated with three different doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day, orally for 60 days) of M. oleifera leaves extract. The results were compared with reference antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./day) treated diabetic rats. Reproductive hormones like testosterone, FSH and LH and oxidative stress parameters in the testicular tissues were determined. Histopathological and histomorphometric changes in the testis were also investigated. Results: Oral administration of three doses of M. oleifera leaves extract or glibenclamide in diabetic rats significantly improved serum sex hormones levels and restored histopathological and histomorphometric changes as compared to diabetic control rats. Furthermore, extract treatment in diabetic rats also reduced TBARS levels and improved the levels of antioxidant markers in the testicular tissue. These results were comparable with glibenclamide. Conclusion: Based on these results, it may be concluded that the extract of M. oleifera leaves possess significant antioxidant activities as well as play a pivotal role in modulating testicular dysfunction in diabetic rats.

Key words: Antioxidants, Histomorphometric, Moringa oleifera, Streptozotocin, Testis, Testosterone,

}, doi = {10.5530/pres.14.2.32}, author = {Ram Niwas Jangir and Gyan Chand Jain} } @article {290, title = {Evaluation of Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cassia fistula Linn. Pod on Pancreas in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {April 2018}, pages = {212}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {205}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with oxidative stress. Medicinal plants and herbs are the rich sources of antioxidants which ameliorate oxidative stress-induced diabetic complications and could play an important role in the management of diabetes. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of 70\% ethanolic extract of Cassia fistula pod on pancreas in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg b.wt.). The diabetic rats were administered orally with C. fistula pod extract at three different doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) for 60 days. The results were compared with standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./ day) treated rats. Relative pancreatic weight and serum insulin level were determined. Histopathological changes and oxidative stress parameters, i.e., lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]) and antioxidative defense markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and ascorbic acid), in the pancreas were investigated. Results: Oral administration of C. fistula pod extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.wt./day) or glibenclamide in diabetic rats significantly improved serum insulin level, total protein concentration, relative pancreatic weight, and mean diameter of islets of Langerhans as compared to diabetic control rats. Furthermore, treatment with extract also reduced TBARS levels and improved the levels of antioxidant markers in the pancreas. The histomorphological picture of the pancreas showed marked restoration of islets morphology. These results were comparable with glibenclamide. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that C. fistula pod extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity though enhanced insulin secretion, improvement of antioxidative status of pancreas, and preservation of the integrity of pancreatic islets.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Cassia fistula, Insulin, Pancreas, Streptozotocin}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_95_17}, author = {Ram Niwas Jangir and Gyan Chand Jain} }