@article {318, title = {Pharmacognostic Specification, Chlorogenic Acid Content, and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Lonicera japonica Flowering Bud}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017}, pages = {128-132}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {128}, abstract = {

Background: Lonicera japonica Thunb. or Japanese Honeysuckle has been widely used in traditional medicine for antipyretic. Objective: To establish the pharmacognostic specification of L. japonica flowering bud in Thailand and to determine its chlorogenic acid content and in vitro antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Dried L. japonica flowering bud from 15 various herbal drugstores throughout Thailand were investigated for pharmacognostic specification. Their chlorogenic acid contents were quantitatively analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry with winCATS software. The mobile phase for TLC development consisted of ethyl acetate: formic acid: acetic acid: water (10:1.1:1.1:2.6). Antioxidant activities were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Results: Qualified L. japonica flowering bud in Thailand was presented that the contents of loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water should not be \>10.11\%, 6.59\%, 1.14\%, and 10.82\% by weight, respectively. The ethanol and water soluble extractive values should not be \<16.46\% and 28.88\% by weight, respectively. Chlorogenic acid content in L. japonica flowering bud was found to be 2.24 {\textpm} 0.50 g/100 g of crude drug. L. japonica flowering bud showed DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activities as well as reducing power property. Conclusion: This pharmacognostic specification with special reference to the chlorogenic acid content can be used for quality control of L. japonica flowering bud in Thailand. The potential antioxidant of this crude drug was demonstrated in vitro.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Chlorogenic acid, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Pharmacognostic specification, Quantitative analysis, Thin layer chromatography-densitometry}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_117_16}, author = {Chayanon Chaowuttikul and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} } @article {273, title = {Pharmacognostic Specifications and Lawsone Content of Lawsonia inermis Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {60-64}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: Lawsonia inermis L. has been used as a traditional or folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of skin infectious diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacognostic specifications and lawsone contents of L. inermis leaves. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic specifications of L. inermis leaves from 12 sources were evaluated according to the WHO guideline of quality control method for medicinal plant materials. The lawsone contents were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with densitometry and image analysis. Results: Microscopic evaluation of L. inermis powders showed the fragment of mesophyll, fragment of parenchyma, epidermis layer with stomata, and the rosette crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters revealed that total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, and water content should be not \<6.98, 1.12, 8.08, and 9.86\% of dried weight, respectively, whereas ethanol and water extractive values should be not \< 19.67 and 23.06\% of dried weight, respectively. The content of lawsone in L. inermis leaves by TLC-densitometry was found to be 0.76 {\textpm} 0.05 g/100 g of dried crude drug, whereas the lawsone content evaluation by TLC image analysis was found to be 0.87 {\textpm} 0.11 g/100 g of dried crude drug. The validation of the methods revealed that both TLC-densitometry and TLC image analysis showed a good sensitivity and accuracy for lawsone quantitation in L. inermis. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic specifications could be used as the standardization data of L. inermis leaves, and the development of TLC method could be applied to determine lawsone content in this plant material.

}, keywords = {Lawsone, Lawsonia inermis L, Pharmacognostic specification, Thin-layer chromatography}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.199775}, author = {Rawiwan Charoensup and Thidarat Duangyod and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} } @article {793, title = {Pharmacognostic Specifications and Quantification of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in Pentace Burmanica Stem Bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {May,2014}, pages = {251-256}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {251}, abstract = {

Background: According to Thai traditional medicine, Pentace burmanica Kurz. stem bark has been used as crude drug for treating diarrhea. However, the crude drug is also found susceptible to adulteration. Objectives: To develop specific standardization parameters of P. burmanica stem bark in Thailand and to determine the (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin contents of P. burmanica stem bark by HPLC analysis. Materials and Methods: P. burmanica stem barks from various sources throughout Thailand were investigated according to WHO guideline of the pharmacognostic specification. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin quantification. Results: Macroscopic evaluation was demonstrated as whole plant drawing. Microscopic evaluation of stem bark powdered drug showed fragment of fibers, resin masses, tannin masses, starch grain, calcium oxalate, and fragment of parenchyma. Physico-chemical parameters revealed that total ash, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying, and water content should be not more than 3.58, 0.50, 8.40, and 9.70\% of dry weight respectively; while ethanol and water soluble extractive values should not be less than 21.90 and 19.06\% of dry weight respectively. Both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were existed in P. burmanica ethanolic extract. Owing to the small amount of (+)-catechin, quantitation of its content was omitted. However, (-)-epicatechin contents was found as 59.74 {\textpm} 1.69μg/mg of crude extract. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic investigations can be used to set the standard parameters of P. burmanica stem bark in Thailand. HPLC method can be applied to determine (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin content in plant materials.

}, keywords = {(+)-Catechin, (-)-Epicatechin, High performance liquid chromatography, Pentace burmanica, Pharmacognostic specification}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.132606}, author = {Thidarat Duangyod and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} }