@article {72, title = {Ghanaian Herbal Medicines for Malaria: An Evaluation of the Clinical Safety and Effectiveness of {\textquotedblleft}Time Herbal Mixture{\textquotedblright} in Uncomplicated Malaria}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {71-75}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {71}, abstract = {

Background: Herbal antimalarials have become a popular source of treatment for most Ghanaians. The significant increase in patronage is of public health concern due to the lack of quality, safety, and efficacy data. Aim: In this report, we evaluated the clinical safety and effectiveness of a Ghanaian commercial product named {\textquotedblleft}Time Herbal Mixture{\textquotedblright} (THM). The product is formulated from the leaves of Solanum torvum and Vernonia amygdalina and the stem bark of Spathodea campanulata and Bombax buonopozense. Methods: Participants of 40 patients diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria were recruited, treated, and followed up for a period of 28 days. This population comprised 25 (62.50\%) females and 15 (37.50\%) males, with a mean age of 42.29 (12.35) years. Outcome of primary interest was the ability of the product to clear blood parasites by day 7 of the study, resolution of cardinal symptoms of malaria, and an absence of adverse effects from the use of the product. Results and Discussion: A total of 33 (82.50\%) participants achieved clearance of all parasites by day 7 (complete cure). Partial clearance was attained by 6 (15.0\%) and treatment failure in 1 (2.50\%). Resolution of the cardinal symptoms was also observed in most participants by day 7. The product also had a good safety profile as none of the participants reported any adverse effects. Liver, kidney, and hematological profiles were also normal after the study. Conclusion: {\textquotedblleft}THM,{\textquotedblright} therefore, has the potential to be used in cases of uncomplicated malaria.

}, keywords = {Bombax buonopozense, Clinical studies, Herbal antimalarials, Solanum torvum, Spathodea campanulata, Vernonia amygdalina}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_23_19}, author = {Andrews W Tetteh and Kwesi P Thomford and Merlin L Mensah and Kwame O Boadu and Ama K Thomford and Isaac K Amposah and Godfred Amofa and Benard K Turkson and Michael O Agyemang and Emmanuel DJ Owusu-Ansah} }