@article {211, title = {Antihypertensive Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica is Mediated through Suppression of Renal Caspase 3 Expressions on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Induced Hypertension}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {460-465}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {460}, abstract = {

Background: Azadirachta indica (AI) Adr Juss (Meliaceae), known as neem, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including obesity and hypertension. Objective: The antihypertensive effect and mechanism of action of modulatory effect of AI were investigated after the induction of hypertension using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Materials and Methods: Five groups of ten rats divided as follows: Control; L-NAME (40 mg/kg); L-NAME + 100 mg/kg AI; L-NAME and 200 mg/kg AI; and L-NAME and Enalapril (25 mg/kg) were used. Results: following the application of L-NAME, hypertension (elevated systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures) and increased levels of oxidative stress markers were observed in rats. Immunohistochemistry showed increased caspase-3 expressions in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats. Conversely, AI treatment resulted in restoration of physiological antioxidant status and normotension, comparable to the standard antihypertensive agent enalapril. Conclusion: AI leaf is a good candidate for the management of high blood pressure.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Apoptosis, Azadirachta indica, Hypertension, Oxidative stress, Phytotherapy}, doi = {10.4103/pr.pr_10_20}, author = {Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale and Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi and Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi and Fisayo Ugbor and Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga and Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade and Jeremiah Moyinoluwa Afolabi and Blessing Seun Ogunpolu and Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi and Idayat Titilayo Gbadamos and Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies and Adebowale Bernard Saba and Anofi Ashafa and Momoh Audu Yakubu and Adeolu Alex Adedapo and Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju} } @article {479, title = {Kolaviron, Biflavonoid Complex from the Seed of Garcinia kola Attenuated Angiotensin II- and Lypopolysaccharide-induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Research}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2016}, pages = {50-55}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {50}, abstract = {

Introduction: Kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid extract from Garcinia kola seeds has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepato-protective, cardio-protective, nephro-protective and other arrays of chemopreventive capabilities but the mechanism of action is still not completely understood. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potential of KV in cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs). Effects of KV (25-100 μg/mL) on VSMC proliferation alone or following treatments with mitogen and proinflammatory agents Angiotensin II (Ag II, 10-6 M) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/mL) and effects on NO production were determined. Cellular proliferations were determined by MTT assay, nitric oxide (NO) level was determined by Griess assay. KV dose-and time dependently attenuated VSMC growth. Results: Treatment of VSMCs with Ag II and LPS significantly enhanced proliferation of the cell which was significantly attenuated by the treatment with KV. Treatment of VSMC with LPS significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) level in the media which was attenuated by KV. These results demonstrated anti-proliferative antiinflammatory properties of KV as it clearly inhibited cellular proliferation induced by mitogens as well as LPS-induced inflammatory processes. Conclusion: Therefore, KV may mitigate cardiovascular conditions that involve cell proliferation, free radical generation and inflammatory processes such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke. However, the molecular mechanism of action of KV needs to be investigated.

}, keywords = {Angiotensin II, Cardiovascular diseases, cell proliferation, Kolaviron, lipopolysaccharide, Nitric oxide, vascular smooth muscle cells}, doi = {10.4103/0974-8490.178647}, author = {Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi and Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale and Adeolu Alex Adedapo and Momoh Audu Yakubu} }